Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Street Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
BIA Separations CRO, Labena Ltd., Street Verovškova 64, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Sep 30;22(19):10652. doi: 10.3390/ijms221910652.
Preeclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Defects in trophoblast invasion, differentiation of extravillous trophoblasts and spiral artery remodeling are key factors in PE development. Currently there are no predictive biomarkers clinically available for PE. Recent technological advancements empowered transcriptome exploration and led to the discovery of numerous non-coding RNA species of which microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the most investigated. They are implicated in the regulation of numerous cellular functions, and as such are being extensively explored as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Altered expression of numerous lncRNAs and miRNAs in placenta has been related to pathophysiological processes that occur in preeclampsia. In the following text we offer summary of the latest knowledge of the molecular mechanism by which lnRNAs and miRNAs (focusing on the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC)) contribute to pathophysiology of PE development and their potential utility as biomarkers of PE, with special focus on sample selection and techniques for the quantification of lncRNAs and miRNAs in maternal circulation.
子痫前期（PE）是全球孕产妇和新生儿发病率和死亡率的主要原因。滋养细胞侵袭、绒毛外滋养细胞分化和螺旋动脉重塑缺陷是 PE 发展的关键因素。目前临床上尚无预测子痫前期的生物标志物。最近的技术进步推动了转录组的探索，发现了许多非编码 RNA 物种，其中 microRNAs（miRNAs）和长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）是研究最多的。它们参与了许多细胞功能的调节，因此作为各种疾病的潜在生物标志物正在被广泛探索。大量 lncRNAs 和 miRNAs 在胎盘的表达改变与子痫前期发生的病理生理过程有关。在下面的文本中，我们总结了 lncRNA 和 miRNA（重点是染色体 19 miRNA 簇（C19MC））在促进子痫前期发展的病理生理学中的分子机制的最新知识，以及它们作为子痫前期生物标志物的潜在用途，特别关注母血中 lncRNAs 和 miRNAs 定量的样本选择和技术。
