Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy.
Humanitas San Pio X, Via Francesco Nava 31, 20159 Milan, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 20;25(18):10099. doi: 10.3390/ijms251810099.
Preeclampsia is a multifactorial gestational syndrome characterized by increased blood pressure during pregnancy associated with multiorgan involvement. The impact of this disease on maternal and neonatal health is significant, as it can lead to various fetal comorbidities and contribute to the development of maternal comorbidities later in life. Consistent evidence has shown that the microbiota acts as a regulator of the immune system, and it may, therefore, influence the development of preeclampsia by modulating immune factors. This narrative review aims to investigate the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and to summarize the most recent literature on the possible link between preeclampsia and alterations in the intestinal microbiota. To this end, we conducted a literature search, aiming to perform a narrative review, on PubMed and Embase from January 1990 to March 2024, focusing on the latest studies that highlight the main differences in microbial composition between patients with and without preeclampsia, as well as the effects of microbial metabolites on the immune system. From the review of 28 studies assessing the intestinal microbiota in preeclamptic women, preeclampsia could be associated with a state of dysbiosis. Moreover, these patients showed higher plasmatic levels of endotoxin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and T helper 17 cells; however, the findings on specific microbes and metabolites that could cause immune imbalances in preeclampsia are still preliminary.
子痫前期是一种多因素妊娠综合征，其特征是妊娠期间血压升高，伴有多器官受累。这种疾病对母婴健康的影响是重大的，因为它可能导致各种胎儿合并症，并导致母亲在以后的生活中出现合并症。一致的证据表明，微生物组作为免疫系统的调节剂，因此可能通过调节免疫因素影响子痫前期的发展。本综述旨在探讨免疫系统在子痫前期发病机制中的作用，并总结关于子痫前期与肠道微生物组改变之间可能联系的最新文献。为此，我们在 PubMed 和 Embase 上进行了文献检索，目的是进行综述，检索时间为 1990 年 1 月至 2024 年 3 月，重点关注最新研究，这些研究强调了子痫前期患者与无子痫前期患者之间微生物组成的主要差异，以及微生物代谢产物对免疫系统的影响。从对患有子痫前期的女性肠道微生物组进行评估的 28 项研究中进行综述，子痫前期可能与失调状态有关。此外，这些患者的血浆内毒素、促炎细胞因子和 T 辅助 17 细胞水平较高；然而，关于可能导致子痫前期免疫失衡的特定微生物和代谢产物的发现仍处于初步阶段。
