Rushton J P, Littlefield C H, Lumsden C J
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(19):7340-3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.19.7340.
The hypothesis is examined that genes bias the development of complex social behavior in one direction over alternatives. Studies of altruism and political attitudes in twins estimate that approximately 50% of the variance is associated with direct genetic inheritance, virtually 0% with the twin's common family environment, and the remainder with each twin's specific environment. Studies of human marriages show that spouses choose each other on the basis of similarity, assorting on the most genetically influenced of a set of homogeneous attributes. These data imply a genetic canalization of social influences such that, within the constraints allowed by the total spectrum of cultural alternatives, people create environments maximally compatible with their genotypes.
该假说探讨了基因是否会使复杂社会行为的发展朝着某一方向而非其他方向倾斜。对双胞胎利他主义和政治态度的研究估计，约50%的差异与直接遗传继承有关，几乎0%与双胞胎共同的家庭环境有关，其余部分与每个双胞胎的特定环境有关。对人类婚姻的研究表明，配偶基于相似性相互选择，在一组同质属性中，最受基因影响的属性上进行匹配。这些数据意味着社会影响存在基因引导作用，即在文化选择的整个范围内所允许的限制条件下，人们创造出与其基因型最大程度兼容的环境。
