Feldman M W, Cavalli-Sforza L L, Peck J R
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5814-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5814.
Models of sexual haploids under kin selection are constructed. The trait of altruism is transmitted vertically from parent to child, but not in a strictly genetic manner. Two systems of altruism are considered: parent-to-offspring and sib-to-sib. In the former case it is shown that even when Hamilton's conditions for the success of genetically determined altruism are met, genes that increase the transmission of altruism may not invade the population. With sib-to-sib altruism, such genes will always increase initially.
构建了亲缘选择下的有性单倍体模型。利他性状从亲代垂直传递给子代，但并非严格以基因方式传递。考虑了两种利他系统：亲代对子代和同胞对同胞。在前一种情况下，研究表明，即使满足了汉密尔顿关于基因决定的利他行为成功的条件，增加利他行为传递的基因也可能无法侵入种群。对于同胞对同胞的利他行为，此类基因最初总会增加。
