Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Department of Civil Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 1;21(19):6582. doi: 10.3390/s21196582.
Along with the rapid development of sensing systems and wireless transmission technology, the scope of application of the IoT has substantially increased, and research and innovation that integrate artificial intelligence. This study integrated civil engineering and electrical engineering to establish a universal and modularized long-term sensing system. Aiming at positive construction in civil engineering, the campus of National Taipei University of Technology was used as the experimental site as a green campus. This paper focused on the cooling effect of the green roof and the temperature difference of the solar panel to effectively isolate the direct sunlight on the roof of the building. To achieve long-term monitoring, energy consumption must be minimized. Considering that the distance between sensor nodes in the experimental site was over dozens of feet, LoRa transmission technology was selected for data transmission. LoRa only consumes a small amount of energy during data transmission, and it can freely switch between work modes, achieving optimal power utilization efficiency. The greening-related research results indicated that the shade from solar panels on the rooftop could effectively reduce the temperature increase caused by direct sunlight on concrete surfaces. The temperature reduction effect was positively correlated with whether the solar panels provided shade. After 1 week of monitoring, we observed that having plants on the rooftop for greening negatively correlated with temperature reduction efficiency. Permeable pavement on the ground was positively correlated with temperature reduction efficiency. However, its temperature reduction efficiency was inferior to that of solar panel shading. The temperature difference between high-rise buildings and the ground was approximately 1-2 °C. At the same elevation, the temperature difference between buildings with and without greening was approximately 0.8 °C. Regarding the sensing system designed for this site, both hardware and software could be flexibly set according to the research purposes, precision requirements of the sites, and the measurement scope, thereby enabling their application in more fields.
随着感测系统与无线传输技术的快速发展，物联网的应用范畴大幅增加，并结合人工智能进行研究创新。本研究整合土木与电机工程，建立通用且模块化的长期感测系统。以土木工程中的正向营建为目标，以绿色校园为范例，选择国立台北科技大学校园作为实验场域。本研究聚焦于绿色屋顶的冷却效果以及太阳能板的温差，以有效隔离建筑物屋顶的太阳直射光。为了达到长期监测的目的，必须将能源消耗降至最低。由于实验场域中感测节点之间的距离超过数十英尺，因此选择 LoRa 传输技术来进行资料传输。LoRa 在资料传输时仅消耗少量能量，且可自由切换工作模式，达到最佳的功率利用率。绿化相关的研究结果显示，屋顶太阳能板的遮荫效果可有效降低太阳直射对混凝土表面造成的温度上升。降温效果与太阳能板是否提供遮荫呈正相关。经过一周的监测，我们发现屋顶绿化植物会降低降温效率。地面的透水铺面与降温效率呈正相关，但其降温效率逊于太阳能板遮荫。高层建筑与地面之间的温差约为 1-2°C。在相同高度下，有绿化与无绿化建筑物之间的温差约为 0.8°C。至于为本实验场域所设计的感测系统，其软硬体可根据研究目的、场域的精准度需求以及测量范围进行灵活设定，从而使其能够应用于更多领域。
