Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Pakistan.
PLoS One. 2021 Oct 13;16(10):e0257952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257952. eCollection 2021.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is significantly altered by the infestation of sucking insects, particularly aphids. Chemical sprays are not recommended for the management of aphids as wheat grains are consumed soon after crop harvests. Therefore, determining the susceptibility of different wheat genotypes and selecting the most tolerant genotype could significantly lower aphid infestation. This study evaluated the susceptibility of six different wheat genotypes ('Sehar-2006', 'Shafaq-2006', 'Faisalabad-2008', 'Lasani-2008', 'Millat-2011' and 'Punjab-2011') to three aphid species (Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, Sitobion avenae Fabricius) at various growth stages. Seed dressing with insecticides and plant extracts were also evaluated for their efficacy to reduce the incidence of these aphid species. Afterwards, an economic analysis was performed to compute cost-benefit ratio and assess the economic feasibility for the use of insecticides and plant extracts. Aphids' infestation was recorded from the seedling stage and their population gradually increased as growth progressed towards tillering, stem elongation, heading, dough and ripening stages. The most susceptible growth stage was heading with 21.89 aphids/tiller followed by stem elongation (14.89 aphids/tiller) and dough stage (13.56 aphids/tiller). The genotype 'Punjab-2011' recorded the lower aphid infestation than 'Faisalabad-2008', 'Sehar-2006', 'Lasani-2008' and 'Shafaq-2006'. Rhopalosiphum padi appeared during mid-February, whereas S. graminum and S. avenae appeared during first week of March. Significant differences were recorded for losses in number of grains/spike and 1000-grain weight among tested wheat genotypes. The aphid population had non-significant correlation with yield-related traits. Hicap proved the most effective for the management of aphid species followed by Hombre and Husk among tested seed dressers, while Citrullus colocynthis L. and Moringa oleifera Lam. plant extracts exhibited the highest efficacy among different plant extracts used in the study. Economic analysis depicted that use of Hombre and Hicap resulted in the highest income and benefit cost ratio. Therefore, use of genotype Punjab-2011' and seed dressing with Hombre and Hicap can be successfully used to lower aphid infestation and get higher economic returns for wheat crop.
小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的生产受到吸食昆虫，特别是蚜虫的严重影响。不建议使用化学喷雾剂来防治蚜虫，因为小麦谷物在收获后不久就会被食用。因此，确定不同小麦基因型的易感性并选择最具耐受性的基因型可以显著降低蚜虫的侵害。本研究评估了六种不同小麦基因型（'Sehar-2006'、'Shafaq-2006'、'Faisalabad-2008'、'Lasani-2008'、'Millat-2011'和'Punjab-2011'）对三种蚜虫物种（Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus、Schizaphis graminum Rondani、Sitobion avenae Fabricius）在不同生长阶段的敏感性。还评估了用杀虫剂和植物提取物进行种子包衣以减少这些蚜虫物种发生的效果。之后，进行了经济分析，以计算成本效益比，并评估使用杀虫剂和植物提取物的经济可行性。从幼苗期开始记录蚜虫的侵害，随着生长进入分蘖、茎伸长、抽穗、面团和成熟阶段，其种群逐渐增加。最易受侵害的生长阶段是抽穗期，每分蘖有 21.89 只蚜虫，其次是茎伸长期（每分蘖有 14.89 只蚜虫）和面团期（每分蘖有 13.56 只蚜虫）。基因型'Punjab-2011'记录的蚜虫侵害比'Faisalabad-2008'、'Sehar-2006'、'Lasani-2008'和'Shafaq-2006'少。Rhopalosiphum padi 于 2 月中旬出现，而 S. graminum 和 S. avenae 于 3 月第一周出现。在测试的小麦基因型中，穗粒数和千粒重均有显著差异。蚜虫种群与产量相关性状之间无显著相关性。Hicap 是管理蚜虫物种最有效的方法，其次是 Hombre 和 Husk，而 Citrullus colocynthis L. 和 Moringa oleifera Lam. 植物提取物在研究中使用的不同植物提取物中表现出最高的效果。经济分析表明，使用 Hombre 和 Hicap 可带来最高的收入和收益成本比。因此，使用基因型 Punjab-2011'和用 Hombre 和 Hicap 进行种子包衣可以成功用于降低蚜虫的侵害，并为小麦作物带来更高的经济回报。
