Zwiener C M, Conley S P, Bailey W C, Sweets L E
Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 1-41 Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):2013-9. doi: 10.1093/jee/98.6.2013.
Yield loss in soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., caused by aphid-transmitted barley yellow dwarf virus (family Luteoviridae, genus Luteovirus, BYDV) was measured over a 2-yr period in central Missouri. Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) was the most common and economically important species, accounting for > 90% of the total aphids. Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), and Sitobion avenae (F.) made up the remainder of the aphids. Aphid numbers peaked at wheat stem elongation in 2003 with 771 R. padi per meter-row. In the 2003-2004 growing season, aphid numbers averaged seven aphids per meter-row in the fall and peaked at 18 aphids per meter-row at jointing. Wheat grain yield was reduced 17 and 13% in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Thousand kernel weights were reduced 10 and 5% in the untreated plots compared with the treated control in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Padi avenae virus was the predominate strain, accounting for 81 and 84% of the symptomatic plots that tested positive for BYDV in 2003 and 2004. Our results indicate that economic thresholds for R. padi are 16 aphids per meter-row in the fall and 164 aphids per meter-row at jointing.
在密苏里州中部，对两年期间由蚜虫传播的大麦黄矮病毒（黄症病毒科，黄矮病毒属，BYDV）导致的软红冬小麦（普通小麦）产量损失进行了测定。麦长管蚜是最常见且在经济上最重要的物种，占蚜虫总数的90%以上。其余蚜虫由麦二叉蚜、玉米蚜和麦长管蚜组成。2003年，蚜虫数量在小麦茎伸长阶段达到峰值，每米行长有771只麦长管蚜。在2003 - 2004年生长季，秋季蚜虫数量平均为每米行长7只，在拔节期达到峰值，为每米行长18只。2003年和2004年小麦籽粒产量分别降低了17%和13%。与2003年和2004年的处理对照相比，未处理地块的千粒重分别降低了10%和5%。燕麦蚜传病毒是主要毒株，在2003年和2004年检测出BYDV呈阳性的有症状地块中分别占81%和84%。我们的结果表明，麦长管蚜的经济阈值在秋季为每米行长16只，在拔节期为每米行长164只。
