Oliveira Rodrigo Carvalho, Coelho Rachel Helena
Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brasil.
United Nations University World Institute for Development, Helsinki, Finland.
Cad Saude Publica. 2021 Oct 8;37(10):e00084120. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00084120. eCollection 2021.
Aging of the Brazilian population with the country's diversity of demographic and territorial characteristics motivated this study on the effects of retirement pensions on health and wellbeing. The study thus analyzes the effects of retirement pensions in Brazil by age and contribution time through measures of overall self-rated health, depressive symptoms on the CES-D scale, and household and head-of-household income. The analyses were also disaggregated by gender and locality. The method used was Propensity Score Matching with data from 9,412 individuals 50 years or older obtained from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), collected in the years 2015 and 2016. In overall self-rated health, there was an increase in the probability of rating health as good or excellent for women in urban areas, both for those retired by contribution time (more than 9%) and by age (more than 7%). There was a reduction in the probability of depressive symptoms for women that retired by contribution time (11%), while for men from rural areas there was a reduction of more than 16%. There were important increases in income in all the subgroups. The study aimed to help offset the lack of evidence on the effects of retirement pensions in Brazil, and the results generally suggest that the effects of retirement pensions on individuals´ health and wellbeing are beneficial but quite heterogeneous between men and women and between rural and urban areas.
巴西人口老龄化以及该国人口和地域特征的多样性促使了这项关于养老金对健康和幸福影响的研究。因此，该研究通过总体自评健康状况、CES-D量表上的抑郁症状以及家庭和户主收入等指标，分析了巴西养老金按年龄和缴费时间产生的影响。分析还按性别和地区进行了分类。所采用的方法是倾向得分匹配法，使用的数据来自2015年和2016年收集的巴西老龄化纵向研究（ELSI - Brazil）中的9412名50岁及以上的个体。在总体自评健康方面，城市地区的女性将健康评为良好或优秀的概率有所增加，无论是按缴费时间退休的女性（超过9%）还是按年龄退休的女性（超过7%）。按缴费时间退休的女性出现抑郁症状的概率降低了（11%），而农村地区男性出现抑郁症状的概率降低了超过16%。所有亚组的收入都有显著增加。该研究旨在弥补巴西缺乏养老金影响相关证据的不足，研究结果总体表明，养老金对个人健康和幸福的影响是有益的，但在男性和女性之间以及农村和城市地区之间存在很大差异。
