College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Dec;119:249-261. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.010. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of dietary α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in Channa argus after 28 d of lead (Pb) exposure. A total of 300 fish were divided into five groups: the first group was the control group and the other four groups were exposed to waterborne Pb (800 ppb) and fed α-LA diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg. The results demonstrated that dietary α-LA effectively reduced the Pb accumulation in the liver, kidney, gill, intestine, and muscle of C. argus after exposure to Pb. Meanwhile, dietary α-LA reversed alterations in the biochemical parameters (Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cortisol (COR), and creatinine (CRE)) and immunity parameters (myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LYS), complement 4 (C4), C-reactive protein (CRP), and immunoglobulin M (IgM)) in the serum of fish caused by Pb. Pb-induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities (Catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) was inhibited by dietary α-LA. And malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content exhibited an opposite trend. Meanwhile, dietary supplemented with α-LA was found to relieve Pb-induced oxidative stress by downregulating Keap1 mRNA expression levels and upregulating the expression levels of CAT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), GSH-Px, and Cu/Zn SOD. Furthermore, α-LA supplementation reversed Pb-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)), Pro-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), caspase (Cas)-3, and tumor protein p53 (p53)) and Hsp70, and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (IL-10, inhibitor of κBα (IκBα), and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)) and anti-apoptosis gene (B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)). Overall, dietary α-LA supplementation could enhance the innate immunity and antioxidant capacity of fish, attenuating the Pb accumulation, and cell apoptosis after being exposed to Pb. Furthermore, dietary α-LA could relieve Pb-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress of fish via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling, respectively.
本研究旨在评估膳食 α-硫辛酸（α-LA）对暴露于铅（Pb） 28 天后的乌鳢（Channa argus）生物蓄积、氧化应激、凋亡和炎症的影响。将 300 条鱼分为五组：第一组为对照组，其余四组分别暴露于水相 Pb（800 ppb）并喂食补充 0、300、600 和 900 mg/kg 的 α-LA 饮食。结果表明，膳食 α-LA 可有效降低 Pb 暴露后乌鳢肝脏、肾脏、鳃、肠和肌肉中的 Pb 蓄积。同时，膳食 α-LA 逆转了 Pb 引起的血清生化参数（丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、血尿素氮（BUN）、皮质醇（COR）和肌酐（CRE））和免疫参数（髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、补体 3（C3）、溶菌酶（LYS）、补体 4（C4）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）和免疫球蛋白 M（IgM））的变化。膳食 α-LA 抑制了 Pb 诱导的抗氧化酶活性（过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px））的降低。丙二醛（MDA）和蛋白质羰基（PC）含量表现出相反的趋势。同时，膳食 α-LA 通过下调 Keap1 mRNA 表达水平和上调 CAT、核因子红细胞 2 相关因子 2（Nrf2）、GSH-Px 和 Cu/Zn SOD 的表达水平，缓解了 Pb 诱导的氧化应激。此外，α-LA 补充剂逆转了 Pb 诱导的促炎基因（白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子 α（TNF-α）和核因子 κB（NF-κB））、促凋亡基因（Bcl-2 相关 X（Bax）、半胱天冬酶（Cas）-3 和肿瘤蛋白 p53（p53））和热休克蛋白 70 的上调，以及抗炎基因（白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、κB 抑制物α（IκBα）和转化生长因子 β（TGF-β））和抗凋亡基因（B 细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2））的下调。总的来说，膳食 α-LA 补充剂可以增强鱼类的先天免疫和抗氧化能力，减轻 Pb 暴露后的 Pb 蓄积和细胞凋亡。此外，膳食 α-LA 可以通过调节 NF-κB 和 Nrf2 信号通路分别缓解 Pb 诱导的鱼类炎症反应和氧化应激。
