Paruzel-Czachura Mariola, Pypno Katarzyna, Everett Jim A C, Białek Michał, Gawronski Bertram
University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2023 Jan;49(1):20-31. doi: 10.1177/01461672211052120. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
The "drunk utilitarian" phenomenon suggests that people are more likely to accept harm for the greater good when they are under the influence of alcohol. This phenomenon conflicts with the ideas that (a) acceptance of pro-sacrificial harm requires inhibitory control of automatic emotional responses to the idea of causing harm and (b) alcohol impairs inhibitory control. This preregistered experiment aimed to provide deeper insights into the effects of alcohol on moral judgments by using a formal modeling approach to disentangle three factors in moral dilemma judgments and by distinguishing between instrumental harm and impartial beneficence as two distinct dimensions of utilitarian psychology. Despite the use of a substantially larger sample and higher doses of alcohol compared with the ones in prior studies, alcohol had no significant effect on moral judgments. The results pose a challenge to the idea that alcohol increases utilitarianism in moral judgments.
“醉酒功利主义”现象表明，人们在酒精影响下更有可能为了更大的利益而接受伤害。这一现象与以下观点相冲突：（a）接受有利于牺牲的伤害需要对造成伤害的想法进行自动情绪反应的抑制控制；（b）酒精会损害抑制控制。这项预先注册的实验旨在通过使用形式建模方法来理清道德困境判断中的三个因素，并区分工具性伤害和公正慈善作为功利主义心理学的两个不同维度，从而更深入地了解酒精对道德判断的影响。尽管与先前的研究相比，本研究使用了大得多的样本和更高剂量的酒精，但酒精对道德判断没有显著影响。这些结果对酒精会增加道德判断中的功利主义这一观点提出了挑战。
