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维生素、补充剂与2019冠状病毒病:现有证据综述

Vitamins, supplements and COVID-19: a review of currently available evidence.

作者信息

Speakman Lauren L, Michienzi Sarah M, Badowski Melissa E

机构信息

Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.

出版信息

Drugs Context. 2021 Oct 6;10. doi: 10.7573/dic.2021-6-2. eCollection 2021.


DOI:10.7573/dic.2021-6-2
PMID:34659426
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8496749/
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an information overload of health data (both accurate and inaccurate) available to the public. With vitamins and supplements being readily accessible, many have turned to using them in an effort to combat the virus. The purpose of this review was to analyse clinical trials regarding vitamins and supplements for the treatment of COVID-19 infections. METHODS: Articles were identified through a literature search utilizing online databases and bibliographic review. RESULTS: A total of seven articles were identified for review. All articles evaluated the use of vitamins and supplements for the treatment of COVID-19. Drug therapies included oral vitamin D, intravenous and oral vitamin C, oral vitamin D/magnesium/vitamin B12, oral zinc, oral combination zinc/ascorbic acid, and intravenous alpha-lipoic acid. The end points of each study varied, including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, mortality, rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, negativity of COVID-19 tests, oxygen requirements, and symptom burden. CONCLUSION: Of the vitamins and supplements that were studied, vitamin D presented the most promising data demonstrating significant decreases in oxygen requirements, need for ICU treatment, SARS-CoV-2 RNA test positivity, and mortality. All of these benefits were exhibited in hospitalized patients. Other vitamins and supplements that were evaluated in studies did not demonstrate any statistically significant benefits. Common shortcomings of the articles included generally small sample sizes, varying sites of study (which could determine the virus variant), a lack of standard of care as background therapy, and utilization of doses that were higher than standard.

摘要

背景:在新冠疫情期间,公众可获取的健康数据(包括准确和不准确的)信息过载。由于维生素和补充剂很容易获得,许多人转向使用它们来对抗病毒。本综述的目的是分析关于维生素和补充剂治疗新冠病毒感染的临床试验。 方法:通过利用在线数据库和文献综述进行文献检索来识别文章。 结果:共识别出七篇文章进行综述。所有文章均评估了维生素和补充剂用于治疗新冠病毒感染的情况。药物疗法包括口服维生素D、静脉注射和口服维生素C、口服维生素D/镁/维生素B12、口服锌、口服锌/抗坏血酸组合以及静脉注射α-硫辛酸。每项研究的终点各不相同,包括序贯器官衰竭评估评分、死亡率、重症监护病房(ICU)收治率、新冠病毒检测阴性率、氧气需求和症状负担。 结论:在所研究的维生素和补充剂中,维生素D呈现出最有前景的数据,表明氧气需求、ICU治疗需求、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA检测阳性率和死亡率显著降低。所有这些益处都在住院患者中得到体现。研究中评估的其他维生素和补充剂未显示出任何统计学上的显著益处。文章的常见缺点包括样本量普遍较小、研究地点不同(这可能决定病毒变体)、缺乏作为背景治疗的护理标准以及使用高于标准的剂量。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4e08/8496749/5e1bb73e1072/DIC-2021-6-2BADOWSKITS-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4e08/8496749/5e1bb73e1072/DIC-2021-6-2BADOWSKITS-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/4e08/8496749/5e1bb73e1072/DIC-2021-6-2BADOWSKITS-g001.jpg

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引用本文的文献

[1]
Vitamin D and COVID-19: Clinical Evidence and Immunological Insights.

Life (Basel). 2025-4-30

[2]
Prevalence of self-medication with vitamin or mineral supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC Nutr. 2025-5-20

[3]
The Efficacy of Multivitamin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D Supplements in the Prevention and Management of COVID-19 and Long-COVID: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Nutrients. 2024-4-29

[4]
Relationship between Plasma Levels of Zinc and Magnesium with the Treatment Process and Mortality Risk in COVID-19 Patients.

Tanaffos. 2023-2

[5]
NBS superfood: a promising adjunctive therapy in critically ill ICU patients with omicron variant of COVID-19.

AMB Express. 2024-3-24

[6]
The association between interest of nutritional supplements and COVID-19 pandemic - evidence from Google Trends.

BMC Public Health. 2024-1-6

[7]
Machine learning-driven development of a disease risk score for COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality: a Swedish and Norwegian register-based study.

Front Public Health. 2023

[8]
Is Dietary (Food) Supplement Intake Reported in European National Nutrition Surveys?

Nutrients. 2023-12-13

[9]
Mechanism and treatment of olfactory dysfunction caused by coronavirus disease 2019.

J Transl Med. 2023-11-17

[10]
The Effect of Vit-D Supplementation on the Side Effect of BioNTech, Pfizer Vaccination and Immunoglobulin G Response Against SARS-CoV-2 in the Individuals Tested Positive for COVID-19: A Randomized Control Trial.

Clin Nutr Res. 2023-10-24

本文引用的文献

[1]
A Randomized, Single-Blind, Group Sequential, Active-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of α-Lipoic Acid for Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022-2-4

[2]
Micronutrients Deficiency, Supplementation and Novel Coronavirus Infections-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients. 2021-5-10

[3]
Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial.

Lancet. 2021-5-29

[4]
The Impact on Infectivity and Neutralization Efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.351 Pseudovirus.

Viruses. 2021-4-7

[5]
Therapeutic and prognostic role of vitamin D for COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 observational studies.

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2021-7

[6]
The Impact of Vitamin D Level on COVID-19 Infection: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Front Public Health. 2021

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Effect of High-Dose Zinc and Ascorbic Acid Supplementation vs Usual Care on Symptom Length and Reduction Among Ambulatory Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The COVID A to Z Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA Netw Open. 2021-2-1

[8]
Safety and effectiveness of high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19: a randomized open-label clinical trial.

Eur J Med Res. 2021-2-11

[9]
Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines on the Management of Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the ICU: First Update.

Crit Care Med. 2021-3-1

[10]
Effect of Bamlanivimab as Monotherapy or in Combination With Etesevimab on Viral Load in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA. 2021-2-16

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