Department of Dentistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2021 Mar 5;9:624559. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.624559. eCollection 2021.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory and systemic disorder caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or novel Coronavirus (nCoV). To date, there is no proven curative treatment for this virus; as a result, prevention remains to be the best strategy to combat coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been proposed to play a role in coronavirus infection (COVID-19). However, there is no conclusive evidence on its impact on COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the present review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between Vitamin D levels and the risk of COVID-19 infection. A systematic literature search of databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, Cochrane/Wiley library, Scopus, and SciELO) were conducted from May 15, 2020, to December 20, 2020. Studies that assessed the effect of vitamin D level on COVID-19/SARS-2 infection were considered for the review. The qualities of the included studies were evaluated using the JBI tools. Meta-analysis with a random-effects model was conducted and odds ratio with their 95%CI were reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis are reported according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The electronic and supplementary searches for this review yielded 318 records from which, only 14 of them met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis indicated that vitamin D deficient individuals were at higher risk of COVID-19 infection as compared to vitamin D sufficient patients. The pooled analysis showed that individuals with Vitamin-D deficiency were 80% more likely to acquire COVID-19 infection as compared to those who have sufficient Vitamin D levels (OR = 1.80; 95%CI: 1.72, 1.88). Begg's test also revealed that there was no significant publication bias between the studies ( = 0.764). The subgroup analysis revealed that the risk of acquiring COVID-19 infection was relatively higher in the case-control study design (OR = 1.81). In conclusion, low serum 25 (OH) Vitamin-D level was significantly associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The limited currently available data suggest that sufficient Vitamin D level in serum is associated with a significantly decreased risk of COVID-19 infection.
新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是一种由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）或新型冠状病毒（nCoV）引起的呼吸系统和全身性疾病。迄今为止，尚无针对该病毒的特效治疗方法；因此，预防仍然是对抗冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）的最佳策略。有人提出，维生素 D 缺乏（VDD）在冠状病毒感染（COVID-19）中发挥作用。然而，目前尚无确凿证据表明其对 COVID-19 感染的影响。因此，本综述旨在总结关于维生素 D 水平与 COVID-19 感染风险之间关联的现有证据。
从 2020 年 5 月 15 日至 2020 年 12 月 20 日，对数据库（PUBMED/MEDLINE、Cochrane/Wiley 图书馆、Scopus 和 SciELO）进行了系统的文献检索。纳入的研究是评估维生素 D 水平对 COVID-19/SARS-2 感染影响的研究。使用 JBI 工具评估纳入研究的质量。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并报告比值比及其 95%CI。本系统评价和荟萃分析按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行报告。
本综述的电子和补充检索共产生了 318 条记录，其中只有 14 条符合纳入标准。定性综合表明，与维生素 D 充足的患者相比，维生素 D 缺乏的个体患 COVID-19 感染的风险更高。汇总分析显示，与维生素 D 水平充足的个体相比，维生素 D 缺乏的个体患 COVID-19 感染的可能性高 80%（OR=1.80；95%CI：1.72，1.88）。Begg 检验还表明，研究之间没有显著的发表偏倚（ = 0.764）。亚组分析显示，病例对照研究设计中获得 COVID-19 感染的风险相对较高（OR=1.81）。
总之，血清 25（OH）维生素 D 水平较低与 COVID-19 感染风险增加显著相关。目前有限的数据表明，血清中充足的维生素 D 水平与 COVID-19 感染风险显著降低相关。
