Bhatt Garima, Goel Sonu, Grover Sandeep, Kaur Nirlep, Singh Sandeep
Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2021 Aug;10(8):2915-2922. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2471_20. Epub 2021 Aug 27.
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) continue to rise unabated globally and the existing evidence has unequivocally established the relationship between tobacco use and NCDs. In 2010 the Government of India (GOI) introduced NCD clinics under the National Program for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardio Vascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) with the purpose of preventing and combating the NCD epidemic. This study was undertaken with an objective to comprehensively determine tobacco use and its correlates among patients attending these NCD clinics.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 1172 patients attending NCD clinics at district level, in Punjab, India between May to October 2018. Using systematic sampling every fourth patient was interviewed and equal numbers of visits were made to both the clinics.
Overall, the current tobacco use in any form was reported to be 10.2% among the study respondents. Majority of the tobacco users were males (23.3%), in 40-49 year age group, (18.7%), residing in urban area (15%), educated up to secondary school (18%) and non-government occupation bracket (27.4%) and hypertension disease category (41.6%). More SLT users had thought of quitting in past in comparison to smokers (46.6% vs 40%) and had higher quit attempts in past (42.5% vs 38.3%). In the binary logistic regression analysis, odds of tobacco use increased with increasing age, three times higher among participants who were employed (OR 3.75; CI 1.41-10.02),6 times higher in COPD disease category (OR 6.88; CI 2.1-20.59).
Higher tobacco use among the NCD clinic attendees with increasing age predisposes them to develop grave complications. This calls for the need to administer intensive behaviour change interventions for tobacco cessation at the existing NCD clinics. This could further strengthen existing health systems and thereby improving health outcomes followed by achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
全球非传染性疾病（NCDs）持续迅猛增长，现有证据明确证实了烟草使用与非传染性疾病之间的关联。2010年，印度政府（GOI）在国家癌症、糖尿病、心血管疾病及中风预防与控制计划（NPCDCS）下设立了非传染性疾病诊所，旨在预防和应对非传染性疾病的流行。本研究旨在全面确定在这些非传染性疾病诊所就诊的患者中烟草使用情况及其相关因素。
2018年5月至10月期间，在印度旁遮普邦地区级非传染性疾病诊所对1172名患者进行了描述性横断面研究。采用系统抽样法，每隔第四名患者接受访谈，且对两家诊所的就诊人数进行了均衡分配。
总体而言，研究受访者中报告目前以任何形式使用烟草的比例为10.2%。大多数烟草使用者为男性（23.3%），年龄在40 - 49岁组（18.7%），居住在城市地区（15%），接受过中学教育（18%），职业为非政府部门（27.4%），患有高血压疾病（41.6%）。与吸烟者相比，更多的无烟烟草使用者曾在过去考虑过戒烟（46.6%对40%），且过去尝试戒烟的比例更高（42.5%对38.3%）。在二元逻辑回归分析中，烟草使用的几率随年龄增长而增加，就业参与者的几率高出三倍（OR 3.75；CI 1.41 - 10.02），慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者的几率高出六倍（OR 6.88；CI 2.1 - 20.59）。
非传染性疾病诊所就诊者中烟草使用率随年龄增长而升高，这使他们更易出现严重并发症。这就需要在现有的非传染性疾病诊所实施强化的行为改变干预措施以帮助戒烟。这可以进一步加强现有的卫生系统，从而改善健康结果，进而实现可持续发展目标。
