Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2022 Feb 3;47(1):37-48. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab107.
We examined risk and protective factors for emotional health problems in adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated pre- to early-pandemic changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression, documented daily activities and perceived positive and negative impacts of the pandemic, and linked perceived positive and negative impacts of the pandemic to real-time changes in emotional health.
The study was a 10-day daily diary study with 93 U.S. adolescent girls (aged 12-17; 68% White non-Hispanic) at temperamental risk for anxiety and depression, conducted in April/May 2020 when all participants were under state-issued stay-at-home orders. Girls provided daily reports of positive and negative affect, depressive and anxious symptoms, activities, and positive and negative impacts resulting from the pandemic.
Girls reported engaging in many activities that may contribute to well-being. Mixed effects analyses revealed positive impacts associated with improved same-day emotional health such as more time for family and relaxation and reduced pressure from school/activities. Negative impacts associated with poorer same-day emotional health included problems with online schooling, lack of space/privacy, lack of a regular schedule, and family conflict.
Findings highlight the importance of providing in-person or quality online schooling, resources and space for learning, promoting daily routines, and spending time with teens while reducing family conflict. The pandemic also appears to have offered many girls a respite from the chronic stress of modern teen life, with time to relax and engage in creative and healthy pursuits showing benefits for daily emotional health, which should be considered following the return to normal life.
本研究旨在探讨新冠疫情期间青少年女性情绪健康问题的风险和保护因素。我们调查了焦虑和抑郁症状在疫情前至早期的变化，记录了日常活动以及对疫情的正面和负面影响感知，并将疫情的正面和负面影响感知与情绪健康的实时变化联系起来。
该研究是一项为期 10 天的每日日记研究，共有 93 名美国青少年女孩（年龄 12-17 岁；68%为白种非西班牙裔）参与，这些女孩具有焦虑和抑郁的气质性发病风险，研究于 2020 年 4 月/5 月进行，当时所有参与者都处于州政府发布的居家令之下。女孩们每天报告积极和消极情绪、抑郁和焦虑症状、活动以及疫情带来的正面和负面影响。
女孩们报告了许多可能有助于幸福感的活动。混合效应分析显示，积极的影响与改善当天的情绪健康有关，例如有更多的时间与家人相处和放松，以及减少来自学校/活动的压力。与当天情绪健康较差相关的负面影响包括在线学校教育问题、缺乏空间/隐私、缺乏固定时间表以及家庭冲突。
研究结果强调了提供面对面或高质量在线教育、学习资源和空间、促进日常作息以及与青少年共度时光的重要性，同时减少家庭冲突。疫情似乎也为许多女孩提供了从现代青少年生活的慢性压力中解脱出来的机会，有时间放松、参与创造性和健康的活动对日常情绪健康有益，在恢复正常生活后应该考虑这一点。
