Instituto de Salud Pública, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Luis Castelazo Ayala S/N, Col. Industrial Ánimas, 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
Infection. 2022 Apr;50(2):447-456. doi: 10.1007/s15010-021-01705-7. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
Antibody-mediated immune response plays an important role in protection against reinfection. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the maximum duration of antibody response is still unknown. In this work, the generation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and IgG antibodies against the S1 subunit (S1 IgG ) of SARS-CoV-2 and their possible duration were determined through decay models.
132 participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection were classified according to the severity of the disease. Seroconversion and persistence of S1 IgG antibodies and NAbs were determined by ELISA, samples were taken at two different times post-infection and duration of those antibodies was estimated using Linear Mixed Models (LMMs).
The highest amount of S1 IgGs antibodies was associated with age (41 years or older), greater severity of COVID-19 and male gender. NAbs production was associated with the same variables, except for age. The percentage of NAbs decay is higher in the asymptomatic group (P = 0.033), while in S1 IgG antibodies decay, no statistical difference was found between the 4 severity groups. An exponential decay model was built by using a LMM and similarly, two dispersion regions where constructed. The duration of S1 IgG antibodies was 744 days (668-781) for first region and 744 days (453-1231) for the second. Regarding NAbs, an adaptative LMM was used to model a logistic function, determining a duration of 267 days (215-347).
Humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the severity of the disease, gender and age. This immune response could be long-lasting as for other coronaviruses.
抗体介导的免疫反应在预防再感染中起着重要作用。就 SARS-CoV-2 感染而言，抗体反应的最长持续时间仍不清楚。在这项工作中，通过衰减模型确定了针对 SARS-CoV-2 的 S1 亚单位（S1 IgG）的中和抗体（NAb）和 IgG 抗体的产生及其可能的持续时间。
根据疾病的严重程度，将 132 名 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者分为不同组别。通过 ELISA 确定 S1 IgG 抗体和 NAb 的血清转化率和持久性，在感染后两个不同时间点采集样本，并使用线性混合模型（LMMs）估计这些抗体的持续时间。
S1 IgG 抗体的含量与年龄（41 岁或以上）、COVID-19 的严重程度和性别呈正相关。NAb 的产生与年龄呈正相关。无症状组的 NAb 衰减百分比较高（P=0.033），而在 S1 IgG 抗体衰减中，4 个严重程度组之间无统计学差异。使用 LMM 构建了指数衰减模型，并同样构建了两个离散区域。S1 IgG 抗体的持续时间为 744 天（668-781），第一个区域为 744 天（453-1231）。对于 NAb，使用适应性 LMM 对逻辑函数进行建模，确定持续时间为 267 天（215-347）。
针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的体液免疫依赖于疾病的严重程度、性别和年龄。这种免疫反应可能像其他冠状病毒一样具有持久性。
