区块链是否适用于骨科？一项系统评价。
Is blockchain ready for orthopaedics? A systematic review.
作者信息
Thomson Calum, Beale Russell
机构信息
Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, (Birmingham), The Woodlands, Bristol Rd S, Northfield, Birmingham, B31 2AP, UK.
Advanced Interaction Group, School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
出版信息
J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Oct 1;23:101615. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101615. eCollection 2021 Dec.
INTRODUCTION
The unique attributes of distributed ledger blockchain systems including robust security, immutability, transparency, and decentralisation, make them highly suitable solutions for many healthcare-related problems. This review examines the potential applications for blockchain technology in the field of orthopaedics, by taking a systematic approach to the evolving blockchain literature and mapping potential use cases against the current needs of orthopaedic practice.
METHOD
A literature search was performed using Pubmed, EMBASE, OVID and the Cochrane library with the primary aim of identifying detailed accounts of blockchain solutions and use cases in healthcare. These articles were then reviewed and mapped against current orthopaedic practice to illustrate applications specific to that specialty.
RESULTS
One hundred and forty-one papers were identified which described case studies, simulations, or detailed proposals of blockchain solutions in healthcare. Most studies described blockchain solutions at the simulated or prototype testing phase, with only 10 case studies describing blockchains in "real-world" use. The most frequently cited use cases for blockchain technology involved the storage, security and sharing of electronic medical records. Other blockchain solutions focused on the "Internet of Things", research, COVID 19, supply chains and radiology. There were no solutions focusing specifically on orthopaedics. Many of the described blockchain solutions had considerable scope for application in orthopaedic practice however, providing the potential for greater inter-institutional collaboration, cross border data exchange, enhanced patient participation, and more robust and transparent research practices.
CONCLUSION
Blockchain solutions for healthcare are increasing in number and scope and have multiple applications relevant to orthopaedic practice. The orthopaedic community needs to be aware of this innovative and growing field of computer science so that surgeons can leverage the power of blockchain safely for the future of orthopaedics.
引言
分布式账本区块链系统具有强大的安全性、不可篡改性、透明度和去中心化等独特属性，使其成为解决许多医疗相关问题的理想方案。本综述通过系统梳理不断发展的区块链文献，并对照骨科实践的当前需求绘制潜在用例，探讨区块链技术在骨科领域的潜在应用。
方法
使用PubMed、EMBASE、OVID和Cochrane图书馆进行文献检索，主要目的是识别医疗保健领域区块链解决方案和用例的详细描述。然后对这些文章进行审查，并对照当前的骨科实践进行梳理，以说明该专业特有的应用。
结果
共识别出141篇描述医疗保健领域区块链解决方案的案例研究、模拟或详细提案的论文。大多数研究描述的是区块链解决方案的模拟或原型测试阶段，只有10个案例研究描述了区块链在“现实世界”中的应用。区块链技术最常被引用的用例涉及电子病历的存储、安全和共享。其他区块链解决方案则侧重于“物联网”、研究、COVID-19、供应链和放射学。没有专门针对骨科的解决方案。然而，许多所描述的区块链解决方案在骨科实践中有相当大的应用范围，为加强机构间合作、跨境数据交换、增强患者参与以及更稳健和透明的研究实践提供了潜力。
结论
医疗保健领域的区块链解决方案在数量和范围上都在增加，并且有多个与骨科实践相关的应用。骨科界需要了解这一创新且不断发展的计算机科学领域，以便外科医生能够在未来安全地利用区块链的力量推动骨科发展。
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