绿色革命到粮食革命：成花素在前沿。

Green revolution to grain revolution: Florigen in the frontiers.

机构信息

ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, PUSA, New Delhi 110012, India.

出版信息

J Biotechnol. 2022 Jan 10;343:38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Oct 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.002

Abstract

Burgeoning human population dents, globally, the brimming buffer stock as well as gain in food grain production. However, an imminent global starvation was averted through precise scientific intervention and pragmatic policy changes in the 1960s and was eulogized as the "Green Revolution". Miracle rice and wheat obtained through morphometric changes in the ideotype of these two crops yielded bumper harvest that nucleated in Asia and translated into Latin America. The altered agronomic traits in these two crops were the result of tinkering with the phyto-hormone "Gibberellin'. Recently, another plant hormone 'Cytokinin' has gained prominence for its involvement in the grain revolution in rice and other field crops. Suo moto homeostasis of CK by the cytokinin oxidase enzyme governs the cardinal shoot apical meristem that produces new flowering primordia thereby enhancing grain number. Similarly, the flowering hormone 'Florigen' impacts sympodia formation, flowering, and fruit production in tomato. The role of heterozygosity induced heterosis by florigen in revolutionizing tomato production and cellular homeostasis of CK by CK oxidising enzyme (CKX) in enhancing rice production has been path-breaking. This review highlights role of phytohormones in grain revolution and crop specific fine-tuning of gibberellins, cytokinins and florigen to accomplish maximum yield potential in field crops.

摘要

人口的迅速增长，在全球范围内消耗了粮食缓冲库存的盈余，导致粮食产量的增加。然而，通过 20 世纪 60 年代的精确科学干预和务实的政策变革，避免了即将发生的全球性饥饿，并被誉为“绿色革命”。通过改变这两种作物理想形态的形态发生变化而获得的奇迹水稻和小麦，取得了丰收的硕果，首先在亚洲，然后在拉丁美洲得到了推广。这两种作物农艺性状的改变是通过摆弄植物激素“赤霉素”的结果。最近，另一种植物激素“细胞分裂素”因其参与水稻和其他大田作物的粮食革命而备受关注。细胞分裂素氧化酶对 CK 的自主体内平衡控制着产生新花原基的主要茎尖分生组织，从而增加了谷物数量。同样，开花激素“成花素”影响番茄的分蘖形成、开花和果实生产。成花素通过杂种优势诱导杂种优势在番茄生产中的革命化作用，以及细胞分裂素氧化酶（CKX）通过 CK 氧化酶增强水稻产量的 CK 细胞内稳态的作用是突破性的。这篇综述强调了植物激素在粮食革命中的作用，以及赤霉素、细胞分裂素和成花素在大田作物中特定的精细调控，以实现最大的产量潜力。