Thirugnanam Thilaga, Santhakumar Kirankumar
Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Feb;252:109213. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109213. Epub 2021 Oct 18.
Environmental toxins are harmful substances detrimental to humans. Constant exposure to these fatal neurotoxins can cause various neurodegenerative disorders. Although poisonous, specific neurotoxins at optimal concentrations mimic the clinical features of neurodegenerative diseases in several animal models. Such chemically-induced model systems are beneficial in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration and drug screening for these disorders. One such neurotoxin is 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a widely used chemical that recapitulates Parkinsonian features in various animal models. Apart from MPTP, other neurotoxins like 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), paraquat, rotenone also induce specific clinical features of Parkinson's disease in animal models. These chemically-induced Parkinson's disease models are playing a crucial role in understanding Parkinson's disease onset, pathology, and novel therapeutics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various neurotoxins that can recapitulate Parkinsonian features in different in vivo and in vitro model systems specifically focusing on the different treatment methodologies of neurotoxins.
环境毒素是对人类有害的物质。持续接触这些致命的神经毒素会导致各种神经退行性疾病。尽管有毒，但特定的神经毒素在最佳浓度下可在多种动物模型中模拟神经退行性疾病的临床特征。这种化学诱导的模型系统有助于阐明神经退行性变的分子机制并对这些疾病进行药物筛选。一种这样的神经毒素是1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶（MPTP），一种广泛使用的化学物质，可在多种动物模型中重现帕金森氏症特征。除了MPTP，其他神经毒素如6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）、百草枯、鱼藤酮也可在动物模型中诱导帕金森病的特定临床特征。这些化学诱导的帕金森病模型在理解帕金森病的发病、病理和新疗法方面发挥着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了各种能在不同体内和体外模型系统中重现帕金森氏症特征的神经毒素，特别关注神经毒素的不同治疗方法。
