Department of Developmental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Dev Psychobiol. 2021 Nov;63(7):e22188. doi: 10.1002/dev.22188.
Efficient joint action requires that we anticipate situational demands both regarding our own and another person's perspective, and adapt our actions accordingly. Accordingly, when handing over a tool somebody else, it is advantageous to anticipate our future hand orientation (motor imagery), as well as the future orientation of the tool (mental rotation) relative to the other person, in order to make the transfer as smooth and efficient as possible. Furthermore, familiarity with specific tools might facilitate planning. We tested thirty-two 5.5- to 7-year-old children on a tool transfer task, asking if they consider another person's comfort when handing over different tools, and whether tool familiarity, motor imagery, and mental rotation are related to their grip choices. We compared the children's performance to that of an adult control group. Besides a rather low performance on the transfer task, we found differences in children's consideration of another person's comfort related to the specific tools they interacted with. Specifically, the unfamiliar tool (a bar) was transferred more efficiently than the familiar tools (hammer/brush). In addition, the results suggest a relation between children's consideration of another person's comfort and their mental rotation score, but no relation with their motor imagery score.
有效的联合行动需要我们预测自己和他人视角下的情境需求，并相应地调整我们的行动。因此，当将工具交给他人时，预测我们未来的手的朝向（运动想象），以及工具相对于他人的未来朝向（心理旋转）是有利的，以便使转移尽可能顺利和高效。此外，对特定工具的熟悉程度可能有助于计划。我们在一项工具转移任务中测试了 32 名 5.5 至 7 岁的儿童，询问他们在转交不同工具时是否考虑到他人的舒适程度，以及工具熟悉程度、运动想象和心理旋转是否与他们的抓握选择有关。我们将儿童的表现与成人对照组进行了比较。除了在转移任务上表现不佳外，我们还发现了与儿童与他们互动的特定工具相关的考虑他人舒适程度的差异。具体来说，不熟悉的工具（一根棒）比熟悉的工具（锤子/刷子）转移得更有效率。此外，结果表明儿童对他人舒适程度的考虑与他们的心理旋转分数之间存在关系，但与他们的运动想象分数无关。
