Leidos Innovations, Houston, Texas, USA.
National Aeronautics and Space Agency, Houston, Texas, USA.
Hum Factors. 2023 Sep;65(6):977-987. doi: 10.1177/00187208211049008. Epub 2021 Oct 22.
This study aims to identify the change in anthropometric measurements during spaceflight due to microgravity exposure.
Comprehensive and accurate anthropometric measurements are crucial to assess body shape and size changes in microgravity. However, only limited anthropometric data have been available from the astronauts in spaceflight.
A new photogrammetry-based technique in combination with a tape-measure method was used for anthropometric measurements from nine crewmembers on the International Space Station. Measurements included circumference and height for body segments (chest, waist, bicep, thigh, calf). The time-dependent variations were also assessed across pre-, in-, and postflight conditions.
Stature showed a biphasic change with up to 3% increase at the early flight phase, followed by a steady phase during the remaining flight. Postflight measurements returned to a similar level of the preflight. Other linear measurements, including acromion height, showed similar trends. The chest, hip, thigh, and calf circumferences show overall decrease during the flight up to 11%, then returned close to the preflight measurement at postflight.
The measurements from this study provide critical information for the spacesuit and hardware design. The ground-based assessments for spacesuit fit needs to be revalidated and adjusted for in-flight extravehicular activities from this data.
These data can be useful for space suit design as well as habitat, vehicle, and additional microgravity activities such as exercise, where the body shape changes can affect fit, performance, and human factors of the overall design.
本研究旨在确定微重力暴露导致的航天飞行期间人体测量学测量的变化。
全面准确的人体测量学测量对于评估微重力下的体型和尺寸变化至关重要。然而，来自航天飞行中的宇航员的人体测量数据非常有限。
使用一种新的基于摄影测量的技术结合卷尺方法，对国际空间站上的 9 名机组人员进行人体测量学测量。测量包括身体部位（胸部、腰部、二头肌、大腿、小腿）的周长和高度。还评估了飞行前、飞行中和飞行后的时间依赖性变化。
身高呈现出双相变化，在早期飞行阶段增加了 3%，然后在剩余的飞行阶段保持稳定。飞行后测量值恢复到与飞行前相似的水平。其他线性测量值，包括肩峰高度，也表现出相似的趋势。胸部、臀部、大腿和小腿周长在飞行过程中整体减少了 11%，然后在飞行后接近飞行前的测量值。
本研究的测量值为航天服和硬件设计提供了关键信息。需要根据这些数据重新验证和调整基于地面的航天服适配评估，以适应飞行中的舱外活动。
这些数据对于航天服设计以及居住舱、车辆和其他微重力活动（如锻炼）非常有用，在这些活动中，体型变化会影响整体设计的适配性、性能和人为因素。
