Buckey Jay C, Phillips Scott D, Anderson Allison P, Chepko Ariane B, Archambault-Leger Veronique, Gui Jiang, Fellows Abigail M
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
Creare LLC, Hanover, New Hampshire.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018 Sep 1;315(3):R496-R499. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00086.2018. Epub 2018 May 16.
On Earth, tissue weight generates compressive forces that press on body structures and act on the walls of vessels throughout the body. In microgravity, tissues no longer have weight, and tissue compressive forces are lost, suggesting that individuals who weigh more may show greater effects from microgravity exposure. One unique effect of long-duration microgravity exposure is spaceflight-associated neuroocular syndrome (SANS), which can present with globe flattening, choroidal folds, optic disk edema, and a hyperopic visual shift. To determine whether weight or other anthropometric measures are related to ocular changes in space, we analyzed data from 45 individual long-duration astronauts (mean age 47, 36 male, 9 female, mean mission duration 165 days) who had pre- and postflight measures of disk edema, choroidal folds, and manifest ocular refraction. The mean preflight weights of astronauts who developed new choroidal folds [78.6 kg with no new folds vs. 88.6 kg with new folds ( F = 6.2, P = 0.02)] and disk edema [79.1 kg with no edema vs. 95 kg with edema ( F = 9.6, P = 0.003)] were significantly greater than those who did not. Chest and waist circumferences were also significantly greater in those who developed folds or edema. The odds of developing disk edema or new choroidal folds were 55% in the highest- and 9% in the lowest-weight quartile. In this cohort, no women developed disk edema or choroidal folds, although women also weighed significantly less than men [62.9 vs. 85.2 kg ( F = 53.2, P < 0.0001)]. Preflight body weight and anthropometric factors may predict microgravity-induced ocular changes.
在地球上，组织重量产生压缩力，压迫身体结构并作用于全身血管壁。在微重力环境下，组织不再有重量，组织压缩力丧失，这表明体重较重的个体可能在微重力暴露中表现出更大的影响。长期微重力暴露的一个独特影响是航天相关神经眼综合征（SANS），其可表现为眼球扁平、脉络膜皱褶、视盘水肿和远视性视觉偏移。为了确定体重或其他人体测量指标是否与太空飞行中的眼部变化有关，我们分析了45名长期宇航员（平均年龄47岁，男性36名，女性9名，平均任务持续时间165天）的数据，这些宇航员在飞行前和飞行后都测量了视盘水肿、脉络膜皱褶和明显的眼屈光。出现新脉络膜皱褶的宇航员飞行前平均体重[无新皱褶者为78.6千克，有新皱褶者为88.6千克（F = 6.2，P = 0.02）]和视盘水肿[无水肿者为79.1千克，有水肿者为95千克（F = 9.6，P = 0.003）]显著高于未出现者。出现皱褶或水肿的宇航员胸围和腰围也显著更大。在体重最高四分位数组中出现视盘水肿或新脉络膜皱褶的几率为55%，在体重最低四分位数组中为9%。在这个队列中，没有女性出现视盘水肿或脉络膜皱褶，尽管女性体重也明显低于男性[62.9千克对85.2千克（F = 53.2，P < 0.0001）]。飞行前体重和人体测量因素可能预测微重力引起的眼部变化。
