Speech Perception, Cognition, and Hearing Laboratory, Department of Speech-Language-Hearing: Sciences and Disorders, University of Kansas, Lawrence, United States.
Trends Hear. 2021 Jan-Dec;25:23312165211018092. doi: 10.1177/23312165211018092.
A sequential dual-task design was used to assess the impacts of spoken sentence context and cognitive load on listening effort. Young adults with normal hearing listened to sentences masked by multitalker babble in which sentence-final words were either predictable or unpredictable. Each trial began with visual presentation of a short (low-load) or long (high-load) sequence of to-be-remembered digits. Words were identified more quickly and accurately in predictable than unpredictable sentence contexts. In addition, digits were recalled more quickly and accurately on trials on which the sentence was predictable, indicating reduced listening effort for predictable compared to unpredictable sentences. For word and digit recall response time but not for digit recall accuracy, the effect of predictability remained significant after exclusion of trials with incorrect word responses and was thus independent of speech intelligibility. In addition, under high cognitive load, words were identified more slowly and digits were recalled more slowly and less accurately than under low load. Participants' working memory and vocabulary were not correlated with the sentence context benefit in either word recognition or digit recall. Results indicate that listening effort is reduced when sentences are predictable and that cognitive load affects the processing of spoken words in sentence contexts.
采用连续双重任务设计评估口语句子语境和认知负荷对听力努力程度的影响。正常听力的年轻人在多说话者背景音下听句子，句子末尾的单词是可预测的或不可预测的。每个试验都以要记住的短（低负荷）或长（高负荷）数字序列的视觉呈现开始。在可预测的句子语境中，单词的识别速度更快，准确率更高。此外，在句子可预测的试验中，数字的回忆速度更快，准确率更高，表明与不可预测的句子相比，可预测的句子需要的听力努力更小。对于单词和数字的回忆反应时间，但不是数字的回忆准确性，在排除了单词反应不正确的试验后，可预测性的影响仍然显著，因此与语音可懂度无关。此外，在高认知负荷下，单词的识别速度较慢，数字的回忆速度较慢，准确性较低。参与者的工作记忆和词汇量与单词识别或数字回忆中的句子语境益处无关。结果表明，当句子是可预测的时候，听力努力会降低，认知负荷会影响在句子语境中处理口语单词。
