Shi Lei, Wang Mengheng, Li Haiping, You Pengtao
Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Cancer Manag Res. 2021 Oct 5;13:7663-7675. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S330881. eCollection 2021.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second most common cancer of the urinary system, accounting for approximately 10-15% of kidney cancers in the world. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common RCC subtype with the highest mortality. Surgical resection or puncture of tumor tissue is still an important clinical treatment and diagnosis of ccRCC, but its high recurrence rate and poor prognosis often lead to the short survival period of patients. Hence, the development of novel molecular biomarkers is of great clinical importance. miRNAs are endogenous non-coding small RNAs with a length of 19-24 nt. A growing number of studies have reported that miRNAs, as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, play a key role in the development of ccRCC and might be effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In addition, miRNAs can also predict the efficacy of treatment drug, thus improving the accuracy of clinical medication. Furthermore, non-invasive detection of miRNAs or extracellular vesicles (EV) in body fluids has better convenience and repeatability, which shows remarkable advantages compared with tissue detection. In this review, we summarized the typical miRNAs reported in recent years and place emphasis on evaluating miRNAs in different body fluids to provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of ccRCC in the future.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是泌尿系统第二常见的癌症，约占全球肾癌的10-15%。透明细胞肾细胞癌（ccRCC）是最常见的RCC亚型，死亡率最高。肿瘤组织的手术切除或穿刺仍是ccRCC重要的临床治疗和诊断方法，但其高复发率和预后不良常导致患者生存期短。因此，开发新型分子生物标志物具有重要的临床意义。miRNAs是长度为19-24 nt的内源性非编码小RNA。越来越多的研究报道，miRNAs作为原癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因，在ccRCC的发生发展中起关键作用，可能是有效的诊断和预后生物标志物。此外，miRNAs还可以预测治疗药物的疗效，从而提高临床用药的准确性。此外，对体液中的miRNAs或细胞外囊泡（EV）进行无创检测具有更好的便利性和可重复性，与组织检测相比具有显著优势。在本综述中，我们总结了近年来报道的典型miRNAs，并着重评估了不同体液中的miRNAs，为未来ccRCC的临床诊断和预后提供参考。
