Servicio de Análisis, Investigación, Gestión de Animales Silvestres (SAIGAS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; Wildlife Ecology & Health group (WE&H), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
SaBio Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
Res Vet Sci. 2021 Dec;141:56-62. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.007. Epub 2021 Oct 7.
As one of the most relevant foodborne diseases, it is essential to know the factors related to the transmission, persistence and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) might play a relevant role in T.gondii's life cycle. This species is the most consumed big game animal in Spain and may act as a source of infection if the meat is eaten raw or undercooked or due to cross-contaminations. Additionally, wild boar can act as an excellent bioindicator of T.gondii circulation in the ecosystem, because its natural behaviour leads to exposure to oocysts from the soil when rooting and tissular bradyzoites when scavenging. A total of 1003 wild boar were sampled from 2010 to 2017 in Mediterranean Spain. Blood samples were tested with an indirect ELISA test giving a total of 14.1% (95% confidence interval 12.0-16.4%) positive results. The prevalence was not homogeneous in neither the animals nor the sampled districts. Significant differences were found regarding age, climatic conditions and human space occupancy. Human population aggregation, assessed by Demangeon's index, was identified as an influential factor in T.gondii infection risk. This multiple approach allows us to evaluate local risks for human and environmental contamination.
作为最相关的食源性疾病之一，了解与弓形虫感染的传播、持续和流行相关的因素至关重要。欧亚野猪（Sus scrofa）可能在弓形虫的生命周期中发挥相关作用。这种物种是西班牙消费最多的大型猎物动物，如果食用生的或未煮熟的肉，或由于交叉污染，可能会成为感染源。此外，野猪可以作为弓形虫在生态系统中循环的极好的生物指标，因为其自然行为导致在挖掘时暴露于土壤中的卵囊，以及在食腐时暴露于组织缓殖子。2010 年至 2017 年，在西班牙地中海地区共采集了 1003 头野猪样本。用间接 ELISA 试验检测血液样本，总阳性率为 14.1%（95%置信区间 12.0-16.4%）。动物和采样地区的流行率均不均匀。在年龄、气候条件和人类空间占用方面发现了显著差异。用人均密度指数评估的人口聚集被确定为弓形虫感染风险的一个影响因素。这种多方法允许我们评估人类和环境污染的局部风险。
