Serological Prevalence of , , and var. in Wild Boars () Hunted in a Highly Anthropized Area in Italy.

Due to the increasing expansion into urban and rural areas, wild boars represent a potential source of infection with zoonotic and animal-specific parasites for both humans and animals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the serological prevalence to , , and var. in blood samples from wild boars () hunted in an anthropized area in Italy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were used to detect antibodies anti- and anti- and an immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) for antibodies anti-. 81 out of 128 wild boars (P = 63.3%) resulted positive for at least one of the three parasites. 68 of them were seropositive to (P = 53.1%) and 14 to (P = 10.9%). 9 wild boars resulted seropositive to var. (P = 7.0%). Sampling season was the only significant risk factor related to var. seroprevalence (OR = 7.8). The high occurrence of supports the role of this species as a source of infection for other animals and humans. Furthermore, the serological prevalence of and var. in wild boars from the study area characterized by the presence of numerous dairy cattle and pig farms is relevant to demonstrate its suitability for the circulation of these parasites both in domestic and wild species.