Kalema Rudy N, Schache Anthony G, Williams Morgan D, Heiderscheit Bryan, Siqueira Trajano Gabriel, Shield Anthony J
Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, O Block Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
Sports (Basel). 2021 Oct 9;9(10):141. doi: 10.3390/sports9100141.
Hamstring strain injury (HSI) is a common and costly injury in many sports such as the various professional football codes. Most HSIs have been reported to occur during high intensity sprinting actions. This observation has led to the suggestion that a link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs may exist. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the available scientific evidence underpinning the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. A structured search of the literature was completed followed by a risk of bias assessment. A total of eighteen studies were retrieved. Sixteen studies involved retrospective and/or prospective analyses, of which only three were judged to have a low risk of bias. Two other case studies captured data before and after an acute HSI. A range of biomechanical variables have been measured, including ground reaction forces, trunk and lower-limb joint angles, hip and knee joint moments and powers, hamstring muscle-tendon unit stretch, and surface electromyographic activity from various trunk and thigh muscles. Overall, current evidence was unable to provide a clear and nonconflicting perspective on the potential link between sprinting biomechanics and HSIs. Nevertheless, some interesting findings were revealed, which hopefully will stimulate future research on this topic.
腘绳肌拉伤（HSI）在许多运动项目中都是常见且代价高昂的损伤，比如各类职业足球赛事。据报道，大多数腘绳肌拉伤发生在高强度冲刺动作期间。这一观察结果引发了一种观点，即冲刺生物力学与腘绳肌拉伤之间可能存在联系。这篇文献综述的目的是评估支持冲刺生物力学与腘绳肌拉伤之间潜在联系的现有科学证据。完成了对文献的结构化检索，随后进行了偏倚风险评估。总共检索到18项研究。16项研究涉及回顾性和/或前瞻性分析，其中只有3项被判定偏倚风险较低。另外两项案例研究收集了急性腘绳肌拉伤前后的数据。已经测量了一系列生物力学变量，包括地面反作用力、躯干和下肢关节角度、髋关节和膝关节力矩及功率、腘绳肌肌腱单位拉伸，以及来自躯干和大腿不同肌肉的表面肌电图活动。总体而言，目前的证据无法就冲刺生物力学与腘绳肌拉伤之间的潜在联系提供清晰且无冲突的观点。尽管如此，还是揭示了一些有趣的发现，有望激发未来对该主题的研究。
