Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 16;13(10):729. doi: 10.3390/toxins13100729.
Mycotoxins are a crucial problem for poultry production worldwide. Two of the most frequently found mycotoxins in feedstuffs are deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FUM) which adversely affect gut health and poultry performance. The current knowledge on DON and FUM effects on broiler responses relevant for gut detoxification, antioxidant capacity, and health is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess a range of selected molecular intestinal biomarkers for their responsiveness to the maximum allowable European Union dietary levels for DON (5 mg/kg) and FUM (20 mg/kg) in broilers. For the experimental purpose, a challenge diet was formulated, and biomarkers relevant for detoxification, antioxidant response, stress, inflammation, and integrity were profiled across the broiler intestine. The results reveal that DON significantly ( < 0.05) induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) expression mainly at the duodenum. Moreover, DON and FUM had specific significant ( < 0.05) effects on the antioxidant response, stress, inflammation, and integrity depending on the intestinal segment. Consequently, broiler molecular responses to DON and FUM assessed via a powerful palette of biomarkers were shown to be mycotoxin and intestinal site specific. The study findings could be highly relevant for assessing various dietary bioactive components for protection against mycotoxins.
霉菌毒素是全球家禽生产的一个关键问题。在饲料中最常发现的两种霉菌毒素是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和伏马菌素（FUM），它们会对肠道健康和家禽生产性能产生不利影响。目前关于 DON 和 FUM 对肠道解毒、抗氧化能力和健康的影响的知识仍然不清楚。本研究旨在评估一系列选定的分子肠道生物标志物对肉鸡肠道中最大允许的欧盟饲料 DON（5mg/kg）和 FUM（20mg/kg）水平的反应。为此，设计了一种挑战性的饮食配方，并对与解毒、抗氧化反应、应激、炎症和完整性相关的生物标志物进行了分析。结果表明，DON 主要在十二指肠中显著（<0.05）诱导了芳香烃受体（AhR）和细胞色素 P450 酶（CYP）的表达。此外，DON 和 FUM 对肠道各段的抗氧化反应、应激、炎症和完整性具有特定的显著（<0.05）影响。因此，通过一系列强大的生物标志物评估的肉鸡对 DON 和 FUM 的分子反应表现出霉菌毒素和肠道部位特异性。这些研究结果对于评估各种膳食生物活性成分对霉菌毒素的保护作用可能具有重要意义。
