Ramalingam Ajay Prasanth, Mohanavel Williams, Premnath Ameena, Muthurajan Raveendran, Prasad P V Vara, Perumal Ramasamy
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Sep 23;10(10):1511. doi: 10.3390/antiox10101511.
Sorghum is one of the most important food and feed cereal crops and has been gaining industrial importance in recent years for its biofuel, nutraceutical and antioxidant values. A genetic profile variation study was undertaken for the accumulation of phytochemicals in 61 diverse sorghum accessions differing in their growth habitat and grain color through non-targeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis. Mass Spectrometry-Data Independent AnaLysis (MS-DIAL) and MetaboAnalyst identified 221 metabolites belonging to 27 different phytochemicals. Tropical and temperate sorghums were distinct in their metabolic profiles with minimum overlaps, and 51 different metabolites were crucial in differentiating the two groups. Temperate sorghums had the ability to accumulate more of phenolic acids, phytosterols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and tropical sorghums for stress-related amino acids, sugars and fatty acids. Grain-color-based Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis identified 94 Variable Importance in Projections (VIP) metabolites containing majority of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and phytosterols. This study identified two sorghum lines (IS 7748 and IS 14861) with rich amounts of antioxidants (catechins and epicatechins) belonging to the group of condensed tannins that otherwise do not accumulate commonly in sorghum. Out of 13 metabolic pathways identified, flavonoid biosynthesis showed the highest expression. This study provided new opportunities for developing biofortified sorghum with enhanced nutraceutical and therapeutics through molecular breeding and metabolic engineering.
高粱是最重要的粮食和饲料谷物作物之一，近年来因其生物燃料、营养保健品和抗氧化价值而在工业上变得越来越重要。通过非靶向气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS/MS）分析，对61份生长环境和籽粒颜色不同的高粱品种进行了植物化学物质积累的遗传图谱变异研究。质谱数据独立分析（MS-DIAL）和MetaboAnalyst鉴定出221种属于27种不同植物化学物质的代谢物。热带和温带高粱的代谢谱截然不同，重叠最少，51种不同的代谢物对区分这两组至关重要。温带高粱能够积累更多的酚酸、植物甾醇、黄酮类化合物、类胡萝卜素，而热带高粱则积累与胁迫相关的氨基酸、糖类和脂肪酸。基于籽粒颜色的偏最小二乘判别分析（PLS-DA）确定了94种投影变量重要性（VIP）代谢物，其中大部分是黄酮类化合物、苯丙烷类化合物和植物甾醇。本研究鉴定出两个高粱品系（IS 7748和IS 14861），它们富含属于缩合单宁类的抗氧化剂（儿茶素和表儿茶素），而缩合单宁在高粱中通常不会大量积累。在鉴定出的13条代谢途径中，黄酮类生物合成的表达最高。本研究为通过分子育种和代谢工程培育具有更高营养保健和治疗价值的生物强化高粱提供了新的机会。
