Hull J Joe, Brent Colin S, Choi Man-Yeon, Mikó Zsanett, Fodor József, Fónagy Adrien
Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA.
Horticultural Crops Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Insects. 2021 Oct 6;12(10):914. doi: 10.3390/insects12100914.
The pyrokinin (PK) family of insect neuropeptides, characterized by C termini consisting of either WFGPRLamide (i.e., PK1) or FXPRLamide (i.e., PK2), are encoded on the and genes. Although implicated in diverse biological functions, characterization of PKs in hemipteran pests has been largely limited to genomic, transcriptomic, and/or peptidomic datasets. The (western tarnished plant bug) PK transcript encodes a prepropeptide predicted to yield three PK2 FXPRLamide-like peptides with C-terminal sequences characterized by FQPRSamide (LyghePKa), FAPRLamide (LyghePKb), and a non-amidated YSPRF. The transcript is expressed throughout development with greatest abundance in adult heads. PRXamide-like immunoreactivity, which recognizes both - and -derived peptides, is localized to cells in the cerebral ganglia, gnathal ganglia/suboesophageal ganglion, thoracic ganglia, and abdominal ganglia. Immunoreactivity in the abdominal ganglia is largely consistent with -derived peptide expression, whereas the atypical fourth pair of immunoreactive cells may reflect -based expression. In vitro activation of a PK receptor heterologously expressed in cultured insect cells was only observed in response to LyghePKb, while no effects were observed with LyghePKa. Similarly, in vivo pheromonotropic effects were only observed following LyghePKb injections. Comparison of PK2 prepropeptides from multiple hemipterans suggests mirid-specific diversification of the gene.
昆虫神经肽的焦激肽（PK）家族，其特征是C端由WFGPRL酰胺（即PK1）或FXPRL酰胺（即PK2）组成，由 和 基因编码。尽管与多种生物学功能有关，但半翅目害虫中PK的表征在很大程度上仅限于基因组、转录组和/或肽组数据集。西方 tarnished 植物蝽的PK转录本编码一种前体肽，预计可产生三种PK2 FXPRL酰胺样肽，其C端序列的特征为FQPRSamide（LyghePKa）、FAPRL酰胺（LyghePKb）和一种非酰胺化的YSPRF。该转录本在整个发育过程中均有表达，在成虫头部表达量最高。识别 和 衍生肽的PRX酰胺样免疫反应定位于脑神经节、颚神经节/咽下神经节、胸神经节和腹神经节中的细胞。腹神经节中的免疫反应性在很大程度上与 衍生肽的表达一致，而非典型的第四对免疫反应性细胞可能反映了基于 的表达。仅在对LyghePKb的反应中观察到在培养的昆虫细胞中异源表达的PK受体的体外激活，而对LyghePKa未观察到任何影响。同样，仅在注射LyghePKb后观察到体内的性信息素促进作用。对多种半翅目昆虫的PK2前体肽的比较表明 基因在盲蝽科中具有特异性多样化。
