Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
Genomic Research Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Department, University Medical Center, 364-8501 Geneva, Switzerland.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Sep 23;12(10):1473. doi: 10.3390/genes12101473.
Controlling spread of resistance genes from wastewater to aquatic systems requires more knowledge on how resistance genes are acquired and transmitted. Whole genomic sequences from sewage-associated staphylococcus isolates (20 , 2 , and 2 ) were analyzed for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs). Plasmid sequences were identified in each isolate to investigate co-carriage of ARGs and MRGs within. BLASTN analysis showed that 67% of the isolates carried more than one ARG. The carriage of multiple plasmids was observed more in CC5 than CC8 strains. Plasmid exchange was observed in all staphylococcus species except the two isolates that carried multiple MRGs, no ARGs, and no plasmids. 85% of isolates carried the gene, 76% co-carried with and , with 62% of these isolates carrying , , and on the same plasmid. The co-carriage of ARGs and MRGs in isolates, and carriage of MRGs in , without plasmids suggests non-conjugative transmission routes for gene acquisition. More studies are required that focus on the transduction and transformation routes of transmission to prevent interspecies exchange of ARGs and MRGs in sewage-associated systems.
控制耐药基因从废水传播到水生系统需要更多了解耐药基因是如何获得和传播的。对来自污水相关葡萄球菌分离株（20 株、2 株和 2 株）的全基因组序列进行了分析，以检测是否存在抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和金属耐药基因（MRGs）。在每个分离株中鉴定了质粒序列，以研究 ARGs 和 MRGs 之间的共同携带情况。BLASTN 分析表明，67%的分离株携带不止一个 ARG。CC5 菌株比 CC8 菌株携带更多的多重质粒。除了两个携带多个 MRGs、无 ARGs 和无质粒的 分离株外，所有葡萄球菌物种都观察到了质粒交换。85%的 分离株携带 基因，76%共同携带 和 ，其中 62%的这些分离株在同一质粒上携带 、 和 。 分离株中 ARGs 和 MRGs 的共同携带，以及 中无质粒携带 MRGs 表明，基因获得的非接合传播途径。需要更多的研究来关注转导和转化传播途径，以防止污水相关系统中种间 ARGs 和 MRGs 的交换。
