Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana.
BMC Microbiol. 2022 Jul 21;22(1):180. doi: 10.1186/s12866-022-02589-9.
The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in food producing animals is of growing concern to food safety and health. Staphylococci are common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes in humans and animals. Infections involving antibiotic resistant staphylococci are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, with notable economic consequences. Livestock farms may enable cross-species transfer of antibiotic resistant staphylococci. The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci isolated from livestock and farm attendants in Northern Ghana using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on staphylococci recovered from livestock and farm attendants and isolates resistant to cefoxitin were investigated using whole genome sequencing.
One hundred and fifty-two staphylococci comprising S. sciuri (80%; n = 121), S. simulans (5%; n = 8), S. epidermidis (4%; n = 6), S. chromogens (3%; n = 4), S. aureus (2%; n = 3), S. haemolyticus (1%; n = 2), S. xylosus (1%; n = 2), S. cohnii (1%; n = 2), S. condimenti (1%; n = 2), S. hominis (1%; n = 1) and S. arlettae (1%; n = 1) were identified. The isolates showed resistance to penicillin (89%; n = 135), clindamycin (67%; n = 102), cefoxitin (19%; n = 29), tetracycline (15%; n = 22) and erythromycin (11%; n = 16) but showed high susceptibility to gentamicin (96%; n = 146), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (98%; n = 149) and rifampicin (99%; n = 151). All staphylococci were susceptible to linezolid and amikacin. Carriage of multiple resistance genes was common among the staphylococcal isolates. Genome sequencing of methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant staphylococci (MRS) isolates revealed majority of S. sciuri (93%, n = 27) carrying mecA1 (which encodes for beta-lactam resistance) and the sal(A) gene, responsible for resistance to lincosamide and streptogramin. Most of the MRS isolates were recovered from livestock.
The study provides insights into the genomic content of MRS from farm attendants and livestock in Ghana and highlights the importance of using whole-genome sequencing to investigate such opportunistic pathogens. The finding of multi-drug resistant staphylococci such as S. sciuri carrying multiple resistant genes is of public health concern as they could pose a challenge for treatment of life-threatening infections that they may cause.
食源动物中出现的抗微生物耐药菌对食品安全和健康的担忧日益增加。葡萄球菌是人类和动物皮肤和粘膜的常见居民。涉及耐抗生素葡萄球菌的感染与发病率和死亡率增加有关，具有显著的经济后果。牲畜养殖场可能使耐抗生素葡萄球菌在不同物种之间转移。本研究的目的是使用表型和基因型方法调查加纳北部牲畜和农场工人分离的葡萄球菌的抗菌药物耐药模式。对从牲畜和农场工人中分离出的葡萄球菌进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验，对耐头孢西丁的分离物进行了全基因组测序。
共分离出 152 株葡萄球菌，其中包括 S. sciuri（80%；n=121）、S. simulans（5%；n=8）、S. epidermidis（4%；n=6）、S. chromogens（3%；n=4）、S. aureus（2%；n=3）、S. haemolyticus（1%；n=2）、S. xylosus（1%；n=2）、S. cohnii（1%；n=2）、S. condimenti（1%；n=2）、S. hominis（1%；n=1）和 S. arlettae（1%；n=1）。这些分离株对青霉素（89%；n=135）、克林霉素（67%；n=102）、头孢西丁（19%；n=29）、四环素（15%；n=22）和红霉素（11%；n=16）表现出耐药性，但对庆大霉素（96%；n=146）、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（98%；n=149）和利福平（99%；n=151）表现出高度敏感性。所有葡萄球菌均对利奈唑胺和阿米卡星敏感。耐甲氧西林（头孢西丁）葡萄球菌（MRS）分离株中携带多种耐药基因的情况很常见。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌分离株的全基因组测序显示，大多数 S. sciuri（93%，n=27）携带 mecA1（编码β-内酰胺耐药）和 sal（A）基因，负责对林可酰胺和糖肽类的耐药性。大多数 MRS 分离株是从牲畜中分离出来的。
本研究提供了加纳农场工人和牲畜中 MRS 的基因组内容的见解，并强调了使用全基因组测序来研究此类机会性病原体的重要性。携带多种耐药基因的多重耐药葡萄球菌（如 S. sciuri）的发现引起了公共卫生关注，因为它们可能对治疗它们可能引起的危及生命的感染构成挑战。
