ω-6/ω-3 比例较高的饮食会导致雄性 APP/PS1 转基因小鼠大脑中的神经酰胺和脂肪酸水平出现差异,并伴有淀粉样蛋白-β的增加。

Diets with Higher ω-6/ω-3 Ratios Show Differences in Ceramides and Fatty Acid Levels Accompanied by Increased Amyloid-Beta in the Brains of Male APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.

机构信息

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 9;22(20):10907. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010907.

Abstract

Senile plaque formation as a consequence of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) aggregation constitutes one of the main hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This pathology is characterized by synaptic alterations and cognitive impairment. In order to either prevent or revert it, different therapeutic approaches have been proposed, and some of them are focused on diet modification. Modification of the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids (FA) ratio in diets has been proven to affect Aβ production and senile plaque formation in the hippocampus and cortex of female transgenic (TG) mice. In these diets, linoleic acid is the main contribution of ω-6 FA, whereas alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are the contributors of ω-3 FA. In the present work, we have explored the effect of ω-6/ω-3 ratio modifications in the diets of male double-transgenic APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD model) and wild-type mice (WT). Amyloid burden in the hippocampus increased in parallel with the increase in dietary ω-6/ω-3 ratio in TG male mice. In addition, there was a modification in the brain lipid profile proportional to the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet. In particular, the higher the ω-6/ω-3 ratio, the lower the ceramides and higher the FAs, particularly docosatetraenoic acid. Modifications to the cortex lipid profile was mostly similar between TG and WT mice, except for gangliosides (higher levels in TG mice) and some ceramide species (lower levels in TG mice).

摘要

淀粉样β肽 (Aβ) 聚集导致的老年斑形成是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的主要特征之一。这种病理学的特征是突触改变和认知障碍。为了预防或逆转这种情况,已经提出了不同的治疗方法,其中一些方法侧重于饮食改变。饮食中 ω-6/ω-3 脂肪酸 (FA) 比例的改变已被证明会影响雌性转基因 (TG) 小鼠海马体和皮质中的 Aβ 产生和老年斑形成。在这些饮食中,亚油酸是 ω-6 FA 的主要贡献者,而α-亚麻酸 (ALA)、二十碳五烯酸 (EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA) 和二十二碳五烯酸 (DPA) 是 ω-3 FA 的贡献者。在本工作中,我们探讨了饮食中 ω-6/ω-3 比例改变对雄性双转基因 APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (AD 模型) 和野生型 (WT) 小鼠的影响。在 TG 雄性小鼠中,随着饮食中 ω-6/ω-3 比例的增加,海马体中的淀粉样蛋白负荷也随之增加。此外,脑脂质谱也与饮食中 ω-6/ω-3 比例成正比发生了改变。特别是,ω-6/ω-3 比例越高,神经酰胺越低,脂肪酸越高,特别是二十二碳四烯酸。除了神经节苷脂 (TG 小鼠中水平较高) 和一些神经酰胺种类 (TG 小鼠中水平较低) 外,TG 和 WT 小鼠之间皮质脂质谱的改变大多相似。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b7fe/8535881/10616ebb2979/ijms-22-10907-g001.jpg

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