Denysschen Marisja, Coetzee Dané, Smits-Engelsman Bouwien C M
Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), Focus Area, Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
Children (Basel). 2021 Sep 29;8(10):867. doi: 10.3390/children8100867.
Most of the current empirical evidence regarding the relationship between health-related fitness and level of motor performance is based on children from high-income countries. Yet, children from low-resource areas may have fewer opportunities to develop their fitness skills. The aim of the study was to determine if South African children from both low- and middle-income areas scoring below the 16th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (probable-Developmental Coordination Disorder (p-DCD)) have lower health-related fitness levels than typically developing (TD) children. We hypothesized that children with p-DCD would have lower overall health-related fitness than TD children. A sample of 146 participants aged 10 to 11 (10.05 years (SD = 0.41)) was collected from schools in the North West Province of South Africa, on the basis of their poverty classification. Children were tested for anaerobic capacity and strength using the Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency second edition (BOT-2) and aerobic capacity using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER). Body composition was evaluated using body mass index corrected for age and sex (BMI-z), body fat (BF), and waist circumference. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlations and chi-squared tests. Statistically significant differences ( < 0.05) were found between groups for running and agility, strength, and aerobic capacity. No significant differences were found between p-DCD and TD groups in terms of body mass (36.1 kg vs. 33.3 kg), waist circumference (62.2 cm vs. 59.8 cm), BMI-z (19.7 vs. 17.6), and fat percentage (20.2 vs. 18.1%). Overweight and obesity prevalence was 15% in those with low socio-economic status (SES) and 27% in high SES. In conclusion, children with p-DCD had lower muscular strength, aerobic capacity, and endurance than TD children. Although it has been reported that children with p-DCD have a higher risk for overweight/obesity than TD children, this is not (yet) the case in 10-11-year-old children living in rural areas in South Africa (North West Province).
目前，关于健康相关体能与运动表现水平之间关系的大多数实证证据都基于高收入国家的儿童。然而，资源匮乏地区的儿童发展体能技能的机会可能较少。本研究的目的是确定来自南非低收入和中等收入地区、在儿童运动评估量表第二版（可能的发育协调障碍（p-DCD））中得分低于第16百分位的儿童，其健康相关体能水平是否低于发育正常（TD）的儿童。我们假设患有p-DCD的儿童总体健康相关体能低于TD儿童。根据贫困分类，从南非西北省的学校收集了146名年龄在10至11岁（10.05岁（标准差=0.41））的参与者样本。使用布鲁因inks-奥塞列茨基运动熟练度测试第二版（BOT-2）对儿童的无氧能力和力量进行测试，使用渐进式有氧心血管耐力跑（PACER）对有氧能力进行测试。使用根据年龄和性别校正的体重指数（BMI-z）、体脂（BF）和腰围评估身体成分。使用斯皮尔曼相关性和卡方检验对数据进行分析。在跑步和敏捷性、力量以及有氧能力方面，两组之间存在统计学上的显著差异（<0.05）。在体重（36.1千克对33.3千克）、腰围（62.2厘米对59.8厘米）、BMI-z（19.7对17.6）和脂肪百分比（20.2%对18.1%）方面，p-DCD组和TD组之间未发现显著差异。社会经济地位低（SES）的儿童超重和肥胖患病率为15%，高SES的儿童为27%。总之，患有p-DCD的儿童的肌肉力量、有氧能力和耐力低于TD儿童。尽管有报道称患有p-DCD的儿童超重/肥胖风险高于TD儿童，但在南非（西北省）农村地区生活的10至11岁儿童中，情况并非（尚未）如此。
