Heuser-Spura Katharina M, Jaekel Julia, Wolke Dieter
Department of Pediatrics I, Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Children (Basel). 2021 Oct 6;8(10):891. doi: 10.3390/children8100891.
The normative transition to formal schooling confronts children with social challenges but also opportunities. Longitudinal research on how school entry impacts children's family and friend-ship relationships is scarce. This study investigated social relationship qualities with parents, siblings, and friends among 1110 children (49.9% female) from the prospective, population-based Bavarian Longitudinal Study at 6 years (before school entry) and 8 years using a forced-choice card-sorting task. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant effects of age (i.e., school entry) on social relationship qualities with mothers (Pillai's Trace (PT) = 0.28, (9, 1101) = 47.73, < 0.001), fathers (PT = 0.14, (9, 1101) = 19.47, < 0.001), siblings (PT = 0.27, (9, 1101) = 46.14, < 0.001), and friends (PT = 0.21, (9, 1101) = 32.57, < 0.001). On average, children reported higher levels of parental comfort after school entry. Companionable qualities increased in relationships with friends, whereas sibling relationships became more conflictual from preschool to early school age. Findings provide unique insights into how social relationships develop from preschool to early school age, supporting evidence of the growing importance of friends. Conflict was predominant and increasing in sibling relationships and should be considered more in future research.
向正规学校教育的规范性过渡给儿童带来了社会挑战，但也带来了机遇。关于入学如何影响儿童家庭和友谊关系的纵向研究很少。本研究使用强制选择卡片分类任务，对来自基于人群的前瞻性巴伐利亚纵向研究的1110名儿童（49.9%为女性）在6岁（入学前）和8岁时与父母、兄弟姐妹和朋友之间的社会关系质量进行了调查。多变量方差分析显示，年龄（即入学）对与母亲（皮莱迹（PT）=0.28，（9,1101）=47.73，P<0.001）、父亲（PT = 0.14，（9,1101） = 19.47，P<0.001）、兄弟姐妹（PT = 0.27，（9,1101） = 46.14，P<0.001）和朋友（PT = 0.21，（9,1101） = 32.57，P<0.001）的社会关系质量有显著影响。平均而言，儿童报告说入学后父母给予的安慰程度更高。与朋友的关系中友善品质有所增加，而从学前到小学早期，兄弟姐妹之间的关系变得更具冲突性。研究结果为从学前到小学早期社会关系如何发展提供了独特的见解，支持了朋友重要性日益增加的证据。冲突在兄弟姐妹关系中占主导地位且不断增加，未来研究应更多地加以考虑。
