D'Agostin Martina, Squillaci Domenica, Lazzerini Marzia, Barbi Egidio, Wijers Lotte, Da Lozzo Prisca
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
Institute of Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2021 Oct 16;8(10):924. doi: 10.3390/children8100924.
Although the effectiveness of probiotics has only been proven in specific conditions, their use in children is massively widespread because of their perception as harmless products. Recent evidence raises concerns about probiotics' safety, especially but not only in the paediatric population due to severe opportunistic infections after their use. This review aimed at summarising available case reports on invasive infections related to probiotics' use in children. For this purpose, we assessed three electronic databases to identify papers describing paediatric patients with documented probiotic-derived invasive infections, with no language restrictions. A total of 49 case reports from 1995 to June 2021 were identified. The infections were caused by spp. (35%), spp. (29%), spp. (31%), (4%), and (2%). Most (80%) patients were younger than 2 years old and sepsis was the most observed condition (69.4%). All the patients except one had at least one condition facilitating the development of invasive infection, with prematurity (55%) and intravenous catheter use (51%) being the most frequent. Three (6%) children died. Given the large use of probiotics, further studies aiming at evaluating the real incidence of probiotic-associated systemic infections are warranted.
尽管益生菌的有效性仅在特定条件下得到证实，但由于它们被视为无害产品，在儿童中的使用非常广泛。最近的证据引发了对益生菌安全性的担忧，尤其是在儿科人群中，因为使用后会出现严重的机会性感染，但不仅限于此。本综述旨在总结关于儿童使用益生菌相关侵袭性感染的现有病例报告。为此，我们评估了三个电子数据库，以识别描述有记录的益生菌源性侵袭性感染儿科患者的论文，无语言限制。共识别出1995年至2021年6月的49例病例报告。感染由 菌属（35%）、 菌属（29%）、 菌属（31%）、 （4%）和 （2%）引起。大多数（80%）患者年龄小于2岁，败血症是最常见的情况（69.4%）。除一名患者外，所有患者至少有一种促进侵袭性感染发展的情况，早产（55%）和使用静脉导管（51%）最为常见。三名（6%）儿童死亡。鉴于益生菌的广泛使用，有必要进一步开展研究以评估益生菌相关全身感染的实际发生率。
