Physics Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico.
Health Care Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 9;18(20):10572. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010572.
Dental fluorosis is an irreversible condition caused by excessive fluoride consumption during tooth formation and is considered a public health problem in several world regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of micro-Raman spectroscopy to classify teeth of different fluorosis severities, applying principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), and estimate the model cross-validation accuracy. Forty teeth of different fluorosis severities and a control group were analyzed. Ten spectra were captured from each tooth and a total of 400 micro-Raman spectra were acquired in the wavenumber range of 250 to 1200 cm, including the bands corresponding to stretching and bending internal vibrational modes ν, ν, ν, and ν (PO). From the analysis of the micro-Raman spectra an increase in B-type carbonate ion substitution into the phosphate site of the hydroxyapatite as fluorosis severity increases was identified. The PCA-LDA model showed a sensitivity and specificity higher than 94% and 93% for the different fluorosis severity groups, respectively. The cross-validation accuracy was higher than 90%. Micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-LDA provides an adequate tool for the diagnosis of fluorosis severity. This is a non-invasive and non-destructive technique with promising applications in clinical and epidemiological fields.
氟牙症是牙齿形成期过量氟摄入引起的不可逆转的病症，被认为是世界上一些地区的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估微拉曼光谱技术通过主成分分析和线性判别分析（PCA-LDA）对不同氟斑牙严重程度的牙齿进行分类的能力，并估计模型的交叉验证准确性。分析了 40 颗不同氟斑牙严重程度的牙齿和一颗对照组的牙齿。从每颗牙齿中捕获 10 个光谱，总共获得了 400 个微拉曼光谱，波数范围为 250 至 1200cm，包括对应于伸展和弯曲内部振动模式 ν、ν、ν 和 ν（PO）的谱带。从微拉曼光谱分析中发现，随着氟斑牙严重程度的增加，B 型碳酸根离子取代羟基磷灰石中的磷酸根的数量增加。PCA-LDA 模型对不同氟斑牙严重程度组的敏感性和特异性均高于 94%和 93%，交叉验证准确性高于 90%。微拉曼光谱结合 PCA-LDA 为氟斑牙严重程度的诊断提供了一种充分的工具。这是一种非侵入性和非破坏性的技术，在临床和流行病学领域具有广阔的应用前景。
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