季前跆拳道准备策略的初步研究：精英运动员的个人隔离训练效果

A Preliminary Study of Pre-Season Taekwondo Preparation Strategy: Personal Isolation Training Effect for Elite Athletes.

作者信息

Sung Yu-Chi, Yang Yi-Zhen, Chang Che-Chia, Chou Chun-Chung

机构信息

Department of Combat Sport and Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.

Department of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.

出版信息

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Oct 9;18(20):10570. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010570.

DOI:10.3390/ijerph182010570

PMID:34682317

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8536167/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has had a considerable impact on athletic competition and team sports training. Athletes have been forced to train alone at home. However, the isolation training model effects are still unknown.

PURPOSE

This study compared the effects of personal isolation training (PIT) and detraining (DT) on specific sport performances (flexibility, power, reaction time, acceleration, and aerobic capacity) and body composition in elite taekwondo athletes.

METHODS

Eleven elite taekwondo athletes were recruited as voluntary subjects. Athletes were randomly paired by weight into the personal isolation training group (PIT group: = 5, age: 21.2 ± 0.4 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 0.8 kg/m) or detraining group (DT group: = 6, age: 19.8 ± 0.3 years, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m). All subjects performed the same training content prior to the pre-test (T1). When the pre-test was completed, all subjects underwent 12 weeks of PIT or DT. Athletes were then administrated the post-test (T2). The athlete's sport performances and body composition were measured to compare the differences between the two groups (PIT and DT) and two phases (T1 and T2).

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in kicking reaction time and flexibility in both groups ( > 0.05). The PIT showed significant improvements in 10 m (10M) sprint performance ( < 0.05), and displayed a progress trend in Abalakov jump performance. In addition, the PIT resulted in a better change response in 10M sprint performance (PIT: -4.2%, DT: +2.1%), aerobic endurance performance (PIT: -10.2%, DT: -18.4%), right arm muscle mass (PIT: +2.9%, DT: -3.8%), and trunk muscle mass (PIT: +2.2%, DT: -1.9%) than DT ( < 0.05). The fat mass percentage showed a negative change from T1 to T2 in both groups ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

PIT showed a trend toward better body composition (arm and trunk muscle) and sport performances (10M sprint and aerobic capacity) compared to DT. This finding may provide information on the effectiveness of a personal isolation training model for optimal preparation for taekwondo athletes and coaches. It may also serve as a useful and safe guideline for training recommendations during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

摘要

背景

全球冠状病毒病大流行（COVID-19）对体育竞赛和团队运动训练产生了重大影响。运动员被迫在家独自训练。然而，隔离训练模式的效果仍不明确。

目的

本研究比较了个人隔离训练（PIT）和停训（DT）对精英跆拳道运动员特定运动表现（柔韧性、力量、反应时间、加速度和有氧能力）及身体成分的影响。

方法

招募11名精英跆拳道运动员作为自愿受试者。运动员按体重随机配对分为个人隔离训练组（PIT组：n = 5，年龄：21.2±0.4岁，体重指数：22.2±0.8kg/m²）或停训组（DT组：n = 6，年龄：19.8±0.3岁，体重指数：23.1±1.0kg/m²）。所有受试者在预测试（T1）前进行相同的训练内容。预测试完成后，所有受试者进行12周的PIT或DT。然后对运动员进行后测试（T2）。测量运动员的运动表现和身体成分，以比较两组（PIT和DT）以及两个阶段（T1和T2）之间的差异。

结果

两组的踢腿反应时间和柔韧性均无显著差异（P>0.05）。PIT组在10米（10M）短跑成绩上有显著提高（P<0.05），在阿巴拉克夫跳成绩上呈现进步趋势。此外，与DT组相比，PIT组在10M短跑成绩（PIT组：-4.2%，DT组：+2.1%）、有氧耐力表现（PIT组：-10.2%，DT组：-18.4%）、右臂肌肉量（PIT组：+2.9%，DT组：-3.8%）和躯干肌肉量（PIT组：+2.2%，DT组：-1.9%）方面有更好的变化反应（P<0.05）。两组的体脂百分比从T1到T2均呈负向变化（P<0.05）。