Aloui Ali, Tayech Amel, Mejri Mohamed Arbi, Makhlouf Issam, Clark Cain C T, Granacher Urs, Zouhal Hassane, Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf
M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)-EA 1274, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.
Front Physiol. 2022 Apr 26;13:774546. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.774546. eCollection 2022.
The purpose of this study was to examine the test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminative validity of a new taekwondo-specific change-of-direction (COD) speed test with striking techniques (TST) in elite taekwondo athletes. Twenty (10 males and 10 females) elite (athletes who compete at national level) and top-elite (athletes who compete at national and international level) taekwondo athletes with an average training background of 8.9 ± 1.3 years of systematic taekwondo training participated in this study. During the two-week test-retest period, various generic performance tests measuring COD speed, balance, speed, and jump performance were carried out during the first week and as a retest during the second week. Three TST trials were conducted with each athlete and the best trial was used for further analyses. The relevant performance measure derived from the TST was the time with striking penalty (TST-TSP). TST-TSP performances amounted to 10.57 ± 1.08 s for males and 11.74 ± 1.34 s for females. The reliability analysis of the TST performance was conducted after logarithmic transformation, in order to address the problem of heteroscedasticity. In both groups, the TST demonstrated a high relative test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients and 90% compatibility limits were 0.80 and 0.47 to 0.93, respectively). For absolute reliability, the TST's typical error of measurement (TEM), 90% compatibility limits, and magnitudes were 4.6%, 3.4 to 7.7, for males, and 5.4%, 3.9 to 9.0, for females. The homogeneous sample of taekwondo athletes meant that the TST's TEM exceeded the usual smallest important change (SIC) with 0.2 effect size in the two groups. The new test showed mostly very large correlations with linear sprint speed ( = 0.71 to 0.85) and dynamic balance ( = -0.71 and -0.74), large correlations with COD speed ( = 0.57 to 0.60) and vertical jump performance ( = -0.50 to -0.65), and moderate correlations with horizontal jump performance ( = -0.34 to -0.45) and static balance ( = -0.39 to -0.44). Top-elite athletes showed better TST performances than elite counterparts. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the TST effectively discriminated between top-elite and elite taekwondo athletes. In conclusion, the TST is a valid, and sensitive test to evaluate the COD speed with taekwondo specific skills, and reliable when considering ICC and TEM. Although the usefulness of the TST is questioned to detect small performance changes in the present population, the TST can detect moderate changes in taekwondo-specific COD speed.
本研究旨在检验一项针对精英跆拳道运动员的、结合击打技术的新型跆拳道专项变向（COD）速度测试（TST）的重测信度、收敛效度和区分效度。20名（10名男性和10名女性）精英（参加国家级比赛的运动员）和顶级精英（参加国家级和国际级比赛的运动员）跆拳道运动员参与了本研究，他们的平均系统跆拳道训练背景为8.9±1.3年。在为期两周的重测期内，第一周进行了各种测量COD速度、平衡、速度和跳跃性能的通用性能测试，第二周进行了重测。对每位运动员进行了3次TST试验，并将最佳试验结果用于进一步分析。从TST得出的相关性能指标是有击打罚分的时间（TST-TSP）。男性的TST-TSP成绩为10.57±1.08秒，女性为11.74±1.34秒。为了解决异方差问题，对TST性能进行了对数变换后的可靠性分析。在两组中，TST均显示出较高的相对重测信度（组内相关系数和90%兼容性界限分别为0.80和0.47至0.93）。对于绝对信度，TST的测量标准误（TEM）、90%兼容性界限和幅度，男性分别为4.6%、3.4至7.7，女性分别为5.4%、3.9至9.0。跆拳道运动员的同质样本意味着TST的TEM在两组中超过了通常具有0.2效应量的最小重要变化（SIC）。新测试与线性冲刺速度（=0.71至0.85）和动态平衡（=-0.71和-0.74）大多显示出非常高的相关性，与COD速度（=0.57至0.60）和垂直跳跃性能（=-0.50至-0.65）显示出高相关性，与水平跳跃性能（=-0.34至-0.45）和静态平衡（=-0.39至-0.44）显示出中等相关性。顶级精英运动员的TST成绩优于精英运动员。受试者工作特征分析表明，TST能够有效区分顶级精英和精英跆拳道运动员。总之，TST是一项有效且敏感的测试，可用于评估具有跆拳道特定技能的COD速度，从ICC和TEM来看是可靠的。尽管TST在检测当前人群中小的性能变化方面的有用性受到质疑，但TST能够检测出跆拳道专项COD速度的中等变化。
