Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, Lasarte 71, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
BIOVETMED & SPORTSCI Research Group, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 12;18(2):568. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020568.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020 resulted in widespread interruption of team sports training and competitions. Our aim was to review the recommendations and best practices in return to play in non-professional football after activity lockdown. The authors searched two electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science) to extract studies published before September 15 2020. Twenty studies explained recommendations, considerations, or best practices in return to play in football, and all of them were clustered into three groups: (1) training load management ( = 10), (2) medical recommendations ( = 9), and (3) recovery related issues ( = 5). The way to establish a progression in training process should be based on training load management and managing the number of stimuli per time. Following the studies, this training process should be divided into three phases: phase 1-physical distancing should be maintained; phases 2 and 3-group training should start. Medical considerations were clustered into different groups: general, pre- and post- training, during training, education, planning to return to competition, and suggestions for post confinement weeks. In particular, social issues, strict hygiene questions, and continuous PCR testing should be considered in return to play over football season. Finally, since a correlation has been found between high-intensive training loads and immunoglobulin A, nutritional and lifestyle recovery strategies should be performed. Moreover, since immunosuppression has been related to congested schedules (<72 h between matches), football federations should avoid this situation.
2020 年的冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行导致团队运动训练和比赛广泛中断。我们的目的是回顾活动封锁后非职业足球重返比赛的建议和最佳实践。作者在两个电子数据库(PubMed、Web of Science)中搜索了发表于 2020 年 9 月 15 日之前的研究。有 20 项研究解释了足球重返比赛的建议、考虑因素或最佳实践,所有这些研究都分为三组:(1)训练负荷管理(=10),(2)医疗建议(=9)和(3)恢复相关问题(=5)。建立训练过程进展的方法应该基于训练负荷管理和管理每个时间的刺激次数。根据这些研究,这个训练过程应该分为三个阶段:阶段 1-应保持物理距离;阶段 2 和 3-应开始小组训练。医学考虑因素分为不同的组:一般、训练前和训练后、训练期间、教育、计划重返比赛以及对禁闭后几周的建议。特别是,在重返足球赛季时,应该考虑社会问题、严格的卫生问题和持续的 PCR 检测。最后,由于已经发现高强度训练负荷与免疫球蛋白 A 之间存在相关性,因此应该进行营养和生活方式恢复策略。此外,由于免疫抑制与赛程拥挤(比赛之间间隔<72 小时)有关,足球联合会应避免这种情况。