Ouergui Ibrahim, Franchini Emerson, Messaoudi Hamdi, Chtourou Hamdi, Bouassida Anissa, Bouhlel Ezdine, Ardigò Luca Paolo
High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Jendouba, Tunisia.
Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Physiol. 2021 Apr 1;12:646666. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.646666. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated the effect of area sizes (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and effort-pause ratios (free combat vs. 1:2) variation on the physiological and perceptive responses during taekwondo combats (Study 1). In a second study, the effects on physical performance of 8 weeks of small combat-based training added to regular taekwondo training were investigated (Study 2). In random order, 32 male taekwondo athletes performed six (i.e., two effort-to-pause ratios × three area sizes conditions) different 2-min taekwondo combats (Study 1). Thereafter (Study 2), they were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (4 × 4, 6 × 6, and 8 × 8 m) and an active control group (CG). Regarding Study 1, blood lactate concentration [La] before and after each combat, mean heart rate (HRmean) during each combat, and rating of perceived exertion (CR-10) immediately after each combat were assessed. Regarding Study 2, progressive specific taekwondo (PSTT) to estimate maximum oxygen consumption (VO), taekwondo-specific agility, and countermovement jump (CMJ) tests were administered before and after 8 weeks of training. Study 1 results showed that 4 × 4 m elicited lower HRmean values compared with 6 × 6 m ( = -0.42 [small], = 0.030) and free combat induced higher values compared with the 1:2 ratio ( = 1.71 [large], < 0.001). For [La]post, 4 × 4 m area size induced higher values than 6 × 6 m ( = 0.99 [moderate], < 0.001) and 8 × 8 m ( = 0.89 [moderate], < 0.001) and free combat induced higher values than 1:2 ratio ( = 0.69 [moderate], < 0.001). Higher CR-10 scores were registered after free combat compared with 1:2 ratio ( = 0.44 [small], = 0.007). For Study 2, VO increased after training [ =30.532, < 0.001; : = 1.27 [large], < 0.001] with higher values for 4 × 4 m compared with CG ( = 1.15 [moderate], = 0.009). Agility performance improved after training [ = 4.419, = 0.04; : = -0.46 [small], = 0.04] and 4 × 4 m induced lower values in comparison with 6 × 6 m ( = -1.56 [], = 0.001) and CG ( = -0.77 [moderate], = 0.049). No training type influenced CMJ performance. Smaller area size elicited contrasting results in terms of metabolic demand compared with larger sizes (i.e., lower HRmean but higher [La] and CR-10), whereas free combat induced variables' consistently higher values compared with imposed 1:2 ratio (Study 1). Taekwondo training is effective to improve VO and agility (Study 2), but small combat training modality should be investigated further.
本研究调查了面积大小（4×4、6×6和8×8米）以及用力-暂停比率（自由搏击与1:2）的变化对跆拳道实战中生理和感知反应的影响（研究1）。在第二项研究中，调查了在常规跆拳道训练基础上增加8周小型实战训练对体能的影响（研究2）。32名男性跆拳道运动员以随机顺序进行了六次（即两种用力与暂停比率×三种面积大小条件）不同的2分钟跆拳道实战（研究1）。此后（研究2），他们被随机分配到三个实验组（4×4、6×6和8×8米）和一个积极对照组（CG）。关于研究1，评估了每次实战前后的血乳酸浓度[La]、每次实战期间的平均心率（HRmean）以及每次实战后立即的主观用力程度评分（CR-10）。关于研究2，在8周训练前后进行了渐进式特定跆拳道（PSTT）以估计最大耗氧量（VO）、跆拳道专项敏捷性和反向移动跳跃（CMJ）测试。研究1结果表明，与6×6米相比，4×4米引发的HRmean值更低（=-0.42[小]，=0.030），与1:2比率相比，自由搏击引发的值更高（=1.71[大]，<0.001）。对于[La]post，4×4米的面积大小引发的值高于6×6米（=0.99[中等]，<0.001）和8×8米（=0.89[中等]，<0.001），与1:2比率相比，自由搏击引发的值更高（=0.69[中等]，<0.001）。与1:2比率相比，自由搏击后记录的CR-10得分更高（=0.44[小]，=0.007）。对于研究2，训练后VO增加了[=30.532，<0.001；：=1.27[大]，<0.001]，与CG相比，4×4米的值更高（=1.15[中等]，=0.009）。训练后敏捷性表现有所改善[=4.419，=0.04；：=-0.46[小]，=0.04]，与6×6米相比，4×4米引发的值更低（=-1.56[]，=0.001），与CG相比（=-0.77[中等]，=0.049）。没有训练类型影响CMJ表现。与较大面积相比，较小面积在代谢需求方面产生了相反的结果（即较低的HRmean但较高的[La]和CR-10），而与规定的1:2比率相比，自由搏击引发的变量值始终更高（研究1）。跆拳道训练对于提高VO和敏捷性是有效的（研究2），但小型实战训练模式应进一步研究。
