School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 22;13(10):3306. doi: 10.3390/nu13103306.
(1) Background: The effect of fathers on dietary intake in preschool-aged children is under-explored. The aims were to: (i) evaluate the efficacy of a family-based lifestyle intervention, , on change in dietary intake in fathers and their preschool-aged children post-intervention (10 weeks) and at 9 months follow-up compared to a waitlist control group and (ii) investigate associations in father-child dietary intakes. (2) Methods: Linear mixed models estimated group-by-time effects for all dietary outcomes, measured by food frequency questionnaires. Cohen's determined effect sizes, while correlation tests determined associations in father-child dietary intakes. (3) Results: For children, medium group-by-time effects sizes were identified at 10 weeks for sodium intake ( = 0.38) and percentage energy from core foods ( = 0.43), energy-dense, nutrient-poor (EDNP) foods ( = 0.43) and prepacked snacks ( = 0.45). These findings were sustained at 9 months follow-up. For fathers, medium to large, group-by-time effect sizes were identified at 10 weeks for energy intake ( = 0.55), sodium intake ( = 0.64) and percentage energy from core foods ( = 0.49), EDNP foods ( = 0.49), and confectionary ( = 0.36). For all of these dietary variables, except sodium, effects were sustained at 9 months. Moderate to strong associations existed in father-child dietary intakes for some of the dietary variables. (4) Conclusions: Although further research is required, this study provides preliminary support for targeting fathers as agents of change to improve dietary intakes in their preschool-aged children.
（1）背景：父亲对学龄前儿童饮食摄入的影响尚未得到充分探索。本研究旨在：（i）评估基于家庭的生活方式干预，在干预后 10 周和 9 个月随访时，与等待对照组相比，对父亲及其学龄前儿童饮食摄入变化的效果；（ii）调查父亲-儿童饮食摄入之间的关联。（2）方法：线性混合模型估计了所有饮食结果的组间时间效应，通过食物频率问卷进行测量。用 Cohen's 确定效应大小，同时用相关检验确定父亲-儿童饮食摄入之间的关联。（3）结果：对于儿童，在 10 周时，钠摄入量（ = 0.38）、核心食物能量百分比（ = 0.43）、高能量低营养（EDNP）食物（ = 0.43）和预包装零食（ = 0.45）的摄入量有中等组间时间效应大小。这些发现在 9 个月随访时仍然存在。对于父亲，在 10 周时，能量摄入量（ = 0.55）、钠摄入量（ = 0.64）、核心食物能量百分比（ = 0.49）、EDNP 食物（ = 0.49）和糖果（ = 0.36）的摄入量有中等至较大的组间时间效应大小。除了钠，所有这些饮食变量的效应在 9 个月时都持续存在。在一些饮食变量中，父亲和儿童的饮食摄入之间存在中度到高度的关联。（4）结论：尽管需要进一步的研究，但本研究为将父亲作为改变的推动者，以改善其学龄前儿童的饮食摄入提供了初步支持。
