National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 22;13(10):3308. doi: 10.3390/nu13103308.
We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and low HDL-C among the elderly population living in North China. The data were from a national cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015. General information in terms of living habits, health status, and food intake using 24 h dietary recall for three consecutive days was procured, and the weight of edible oil and condiments recorded. Anthropometric index, blood pressure, and fasting serum lipids were measured using standard methods. Dietary patterns were derived from food categories by exploratory factor analysis, and multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios of low HDL-C across quartiles of dietary patterns. Among 3387 elderly participants, 21.9% had low HDL-C levels. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with highest score versus lowest score in the balanced dietary pattern had a decreased risk of low HDL-C (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.88, for trend = 0.013) in the group with a BMI of 27.1 kg/m and above. Compared to the lowest quartile, there was a statistically significant negative association between the highest scores of the Western dietary pattern and low HDL-C (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.17-0.82, for trend = 0.018) in the group with a BMI of 21.6-24.8 kg/m. However, greater adherence to a thrifty dietary pattern (highest quartiles vs. lowest quartiles) was associated with increased risk of low HDL-C (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.05-10.40, for trend = 0.044), especially in the subgroup with a BMI of 21.6 kg/m and below. The study revealed that it is urgent to develop district-specific dietary improvement plans for dyslipidemia based on the nutritional status of the elderly population in North China.
本研究旨在探讨中国北方老年人饮食模式与低 HDL-C 之间的关系。数据来自于 2015 年进行的一项全国性横断面调查。通过连续 3 天的 24 小时膳食回忆法获取了与生活习惯、健康状况和食物摄入相关的一般信息，并记录了食用油和调味料的用量。采用标准方法测量了人体测量指标、血压和空腹血清脂质。通过探索性因子分析从食物类别中得出饮食模式，然后使用多变量逻辑回归来估计低 HDL-C 四分位数的饮食模式比值比。在 3387 名老年人中，21.9%的人存在低 HDL-C 水平。在校正了潜在的混杂因素后，与平衡饮食模式得分最低者相比，BMI≥27.1kg/m2 组中得分最高者低 HDL-C 的风险降低（OR=0.38，95%CI：0.16-0.88，趋势检验=0.013）。与最低四分位数相比，BMI 在 21.6-24.8kg/m2 组中，西方饮食模式得分最高者与低 HDL-C 呈显著负相关（OR=0.37，95%CI：0.17-0.82，趋势检验=0.018）。然而，节俭饮食模式（最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比）与低 HDL-C 风险增加相关（OR=3.31，95%CI：1.05-10.40，趋势检验=0.044），尤其是 BMI<21.6kg/m2 的亚组。研究表明，迫切需要根据中国北方老年人的营养状况制定针对血脂异常的特定地区饮食改善计划。
