Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia.
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 19;17(20):7605. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207605.
This study evaluated the associations between selected dietary habits and lipid profiles in a group of 800 randomly selected patients hospitalized in the Nitra Cardio Center, Slovakia. Patients were aged 20-101 years (only men, the average age was 61.13 ± 10.47 years). The data necessary for the detection of dietary habits were obtained by a questionnaire method in closed-ended format. Data collection was carried out simultaneously with the somatometric and biochemical examinations of the respondents ensured by the Nitra Cardio Center. The following parameters were evaluated: total cholesterol (T-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and blood glucose. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc test. We detected significant differences ( < 0.05) in the influence of the number of daily meals on T-C and LDL-C, which were higher in men who consumed 1-2 meals compared with 3-4 or 5-6 meals. In the consumption of meat, eggs, and fish, there was no significant effect on the biochemical parameters of blood ( > 0.05). We recorded a significant effect ( < 0.001) on T-C and LDL-C levels between low-fat and whole-fat milk consumption. Except for the impact of fruit consumption on the HDL-C level ( < 0.001), the different frequencies of fruit consumption showed non-significant changes for the lipid profile levels. We detected a significant effect ( = 0.017) of the consumption of vegetables 1-2 times/week on LDL-C in favor of daily consumption. Our results support that monitoring the lipid profile is an important determinant in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The conducted research emphasizes the importance of diet dependence on the improvement of the quality of treatment and nutrition of people with this type of disease.
本研究评估了饮食习惯与斯洛伐克尼特拉心脏中心 800 名随机住院患者血脂谱之间的相关性。患者年龄为 20-101 岁（仅男性，平均年龄为 61.13 ± 10.47 岁）。通过封闭式问卷调查法获得饮食习惯的相关数据。问卷调查与尼特拉心脏中心提供的受访者的人体测量和生化检查同时进行。评估了以下参数：总胆固醇（T-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯和血糖。采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）对组间进行统计学比较，然后进行 Tukey 事后检验。我们发现，每日用餐次数对 T-C 和 LDL-C 的影响存在显著差异（<0.05），与每天进食 3-4 餐或 5-6 餐的男性相比，每天进食 1-2 餐的男性 T-C 和 LDL-C 更高。在肉类、鸡蛋和鱼类的摄入量方面，对血液生化参数没有显著影响（>0.05）。我们发现低脂和全脂牛奶的摄入量对 T-C 和 LDL-C 水平有显著影响（<0.001）。除了水果摄入量对 HDL-C 水平的影响（<0.001）外，不同的水果摄入量对血脂谱水平没有显著变化。我们发现每周食用蔬菜 1-2 次对 LDL-C 有显著影响（=0.017），每天食用蔬菜更有利于降低 LDL-C。我们的研究结果表明，监测血脂谱是预防和治疗心血管疾病的一个重要决定因素。开展的研究强调了饮食对改善此类疾病患者的治疗质量和营养的重要性。
