Research Group Innovations in Preventive Health Care, HU University of Applied Sciences, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Research Support, Medical Library AMC, Amsterdam UMC-Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 13;13(10):3584. doi: 10.3390/nu13103584.
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the association between malnutrition and oral health in older people (≥ 60 years of age). A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed in four databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and Embase) for literature from January 2000 to May 2020. Both observational and intervention studies were screened for eligibility. Two reviewers independently screened the search results to identify potential eligible studies, and assessed the methodological quality of the full-text studies. A total of 3240 potential studies were identified. After judgement for relevance, 10 studies (cross-sectional ( = 9), prospective cohort ( = 1)) met the inclusion criteria. Three studies described malnourished participants as having fewer teeth, or functional (tooth) units (FTUs), compared to well-nourished participants. Four studies reported soft tissue problems in malnourished participants, including red tongue with blisters, and dry or cracked lips. Subjective oral health was the topic in six studies, with poorer oral health and negative self-perception of oral health in malnourished elderly participants. There are associations between (at risk of) malnutrition and oral health in older people, categorized in hard and soft tissue conditions of the mouth, and subjective oral health. Future research should be focused on longitudinal cohort studies with proper determination of malnutrition and oral health assessments, in order to evaluate the actual association between malnutrition and oral health in older people.
本系统评价的目的是研究老年人（≥60 岁）营养不良与口腔健康之间的关系。从 2000 年 1 月至 2020 年 5 月，我们在四个数据库（PubMed、CINAHL、Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source 和 Embase）中进行了全面的系统文献检索，以寻找相关文献。筛选了观察性和干预性研究，以确定符合条件的研究。两位评审员独立筛选搜索结果，以确定潜在的合格研究，并评估全文研究的方法学质量。共确定了 3240 篇潜在研究。经过相关性判断，有 10 项研究（横断面研究[9 项]、前瞻性队列研究[1 项]）符合纳入标准。有 3 项研究描述营养不良的参与者牙齿或功能（牙）单位较少，而营养良好的参与者则较多。有 4 项研究报告了营养不良参与者的软组织问题，包括有水泡的红色舌头、干燥或干裂的嘴唇。主观口腔健康是 6 项研究的主题，营养不良的老年人参与者口腔健康状况较差，对口腔健康的自我认知较差。（有风险的）营养不良与老年人的口腔健康之间存在关联，可分为口腔软硬组织状况和主观口腔健康。未来的研究应侧重于纵向队列研究，并适当确定营养不良和口腔健康评估，以评估老年人营养不良和口腔健康之间的实际关联。
