Interaction Effect of EDTA, Salinity, and Oxide Nanoparticles on Alga and .

The interaction effects of organic ligand ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and oxide nanoparticles (magnetite FeO-NPs and copper CuO-NPs) were investigated during a 72 h period on two green algal species- under freshwater conditions and under saltwater conditions. FeO-NPs had larger agglomerates and very low solubility. CuO-NPs, having smaller agglomerates and higher solubility, were more toxic than FeO-NPs in freshwater conditions for similar mass-based concentrations, especially at 72 h under 100 mg L. Furthermore, the effect of EDTA increased nanoparticle solubility, and the salinity caused a decrease in their solubility. Our results on showed that the increase in salinity to 32 g L caused the formation of larger nanoparticle agglomerates, leading to a decrease in the toxicity impact on algal cells. In addition, EDTA treatments induced a toxicity effect on both freshwater and saltwater species, by altering the nutrient uptake of algal cells. However, was more resistant to EDTA toxicity than . Moreover, nanoparticle treatments caused a reduction in EDTA toxicity, especially for CuO-NPs. Therefore, the toxicity impact caused by these environmental factors should be considered in risk assessment for metallic nanoparticles.