Kohút Michal, Šrol Jakub, Čavojová Vladimíra
Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Hornopotočná 23, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia.
Institute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Pers Individ Dif. 2022 Feb;186:111349. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111349. Epub 2021 Oct 19.
While well-being is known to be mainly predicted by relatively stable personality traits and demographic factors, under circumstances of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the role of these predictors may be attenuated, and more situational factors may come into play. In the present study, we examined those relatively stable predictors of well-being along with COVID-19 specific factors, such as the perception of health and economic threat, unrealistic optimism, lack of control, trust in government regulations, and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. The data collection took place in early November 2020, when the second wave in Slovakia started to gain momentum and a strict lockdown was issued. Slovak adults ( 1020) reported their current positive and negative affect and current, as well as estimated pre-pandemic and predicted future life satisfaction. The results showed that positive and negative affect was predicted mainly by extraversion and negative emotionality. On the other hand, life satisfaction, and its perceived change from before the pandemic and in three months, was predicted mainly by COVID-19 factors, especially perceived economic threat, unrealistic optimism, and trust in governmental regulations. We discuss the importance of these factors when considering the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on peoples' well-being.
虽然人们已知幸福感主要由相对稳定的人格特质和人口统计学因素预测，但在当前新冠疫情的情况下，这些预测因素的作用可能会减弱，更多的情境因素可能会发挥作用。在本研究中，我们考察了那些相对稳定的幸福感预测因素以及与新冠疫情相关的特定因素，如对健康和经济威胁的认知、不切实际的乐观主义、缺乏掌控感、对政府规定的信任以及对阴谋论的认同。数据收集于2020年11月初进行，当时斯洛伐克的第二波疫情开始加剧，且发布了严格的封锁令。斯洛伐克的成年人（1020名）报告了他们当前的积极和消极情绪，以及当前、疫情前估计的和未来预测的生活满意度。结果表明，积极和消极情绪主要由外向性和负面情绪预测。另一方面，生活满意度及其与疫情前以及三个月后的感知变化，主要由新冠疫情相关因素预测，尤其是感知到的经济威胁、不切实际的乐观主义以及对政府规定的信任。我们在考虑新冠疫情对人们幸福感的影响时讨论了这些因素的重要性。
