Poltavski Dmitri, Biberdorf David, Praus Poltavski Carolina
Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
Valley Vision Clinic, Grand Forks, ND, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Oct 6;15:732303. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.732303. eCollection 2021.
In the present study we combined popular methods of sports vision training (SVT) with traditional oculomotor protocols of Optometric Vision Therapy (OVT) and electrophysiological indexes of EEG and VEP activity to monitor training progress and changes in performance of youth ice hockey players without the history of concussion. We hypothesized that administration of OVT protocols before SVT training may result in larger performance improvements compared to the reverse order due to the initial strengthening of visual hardware capable of handling greater demands during training of visuomotor integration and information processing skills (visual software). In a cross-over design 53 youth ice hockey players (ages 13-18) were randomly assigned to one of the two training groups. Group one (hardware-software group) completed 5 weeks of oculomotor training first followed by 5 weeks of software training. For group 2 (software-hardware) the order of procedures were reversed. After 10 weeks of training both groups significantly improved their performance on all but one measure of the Nike/Senaptec Sensory station measures. Additionally, the software-hardware training order resulted in significantly lower frontal theta-to-gamma amplitude ratios on the Nike/Senaptec test of Near-Far Quickness as well as in faster P100 latencies. Both training orders also resulted in significant decreases in post-treatment P100 amplitude to transient VEP stimuli as well as decreased theta-gamma ratios for perception span, Go/No-Go and Hand Reaction time. The observed changes in the electrophysiological indexes in the present study are thought to reflect greater efficiency in visual information processing and cognitive resource allocation following 10 weeks of visual training. There is also some evidence of the greater effectiveness of the software-hardware training order possibly due to the improved preparedness of the oculomotor system in the youth athletes for administration of targeted protocols of the Optometric Vision Therapy.
在本研究中，我们将流行的运动视觉训练（SVT）方法与验光视觉疗法（OVT）的传统动眼神经方案以及脑电图（EEG）和视觉诱发电位（VEP）活动的电生理指标相结合，以监测没有脑震荡病史的青少年冰球运动员的训练进展和表现变化。我们假设，与相反顺序相比，在SVT训练前进行OVT方案可能会带来更大的表现提升，这是因为在训练视觉运动整合和信息处理技能（视觉软件）期间，能够处理更高要求的视觉硬件首先得到强化。在交叉设计中，53名青少年冰球运动员（年龄13 - 18岁）被随机分配到两个训练组之一。第一组（硬件 - 软件组）先完成5周的动眼神经训练，然后进行5周的软件训练。对于第二组（软件 - 硬件组），程序顺序相反。经过10周的训练，两组在耐克/森纳普特感觉站测量的所有指标（除一项外）上的表现均显著提高。此外，软件 - 硬件训练顺序在耐克/森纳普特近 - 远快速性测试中导致额叶θ波与γ波振幅比显著降低，并且P100潜伏期更快。两种训练顺序还导致治疗后对瞬态VEP刺激的P100振幅显著降低，以及感知跨度、Go/No - Go和手部反应时间的θ - γ比降低。本研究中观察到的电生理指标变化被认为反映了经过10周视觉训练后视觉信息处理和认知资源分配效率的提高。也有一些证据表明软件 - 硬件训练顺序更有效，这可能是由于青少年运动员的动眼神经系统在接受验光视觉疗法的靶向方案时准备更充分。
