Zheng Yanping, Ran Ying, Zhang Hongxia, Wang Bangmao, Zhou Lu
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hotan People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China.
Front Physiol. 2021 Oct 8;12:715852. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715852. eCollection 2021.
Recent studies have identified the critical role of microbiota in the pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Metagenomic studies reveal significant decrease of gut bacterial diversity in AILDs. Although profiles of metagenomic vary widely, is commonly enriched in AIH, PBC, and PSC. Apart from gut microbiome, the oral and bile microbiome seem to be associated with these diseases as well. The functional analysis of metagenomics suggests that metabolic pathways changed in the gut microbiome of the patients. Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial bile acid metabolites, have been shown to modulate innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and inflammation. Taken together, the evidence of host-microbiome interactions and in-depth mechanistic studies needs further accumulation, which will offer more possibilities to clarify the mechanisms of AILDs and provide potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment in the future.
最近的研究已经确定了微生物群在自身免疫性肝病（AILD）病理生理学中的关键作用，这些疾病包括自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）、原发性胆汁性胆管炎（PBC）和原发性硬化性胆管炎（PSC）。宏基因组学研究表明，AILD患者肠道细菌多样性显著降低。尽管宏基因组学特征差异很大，但在AIH、PBC和PSC中通常会富集。除了肠道微生物群外，口腔和胆汁微生物群似乎也与这些疾病有关。宏基因组学的功能分析表明，患者肠道微生物群中的代谢途径发生了变化。微生物代谢产物，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和微生物胆汁酸代谢产物，已被证明可调节固有免疫、适应性免疫和炎症。综上所述，宿主-微生物群相互作用的证据和深入的机制研究需要进一步积累，这将为阐明AILD的发病机制提供更多可能性，并为未来的预防和治疗提供潜在的分子靶点。
