Shah Anureet K, Dhalla Naranjan S
School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Max Rady College of Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Front Physiol. 2021 Oct 8;12:729255. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729255. eCollection 2021.
By virtue of their regulatory role in various metabolic and biosynthetic pathways for energy status and cellular integrity, both hydro-soluble and lipo-soluble vitamins are considered to be involved in maintaining cardiovascular function in health and disease. Deficiency of some vitamins such as vitamin A, B, folic acid, C, D, and E has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular abnormalities whereas supplementation with these vitamins has been claimed to reduce cardiovascular risk for hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and heart failure. However, the data from several experimental and clinical studies for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease due to vitamin deficiency as well as therapy due to different vitamins are conflicting. In this article, we have attempted to review the existing literature on the role of different vitamins in cardiovascular disease with respect to their deficiency and supplementation in addition to examining some issues regarding their involvement in heart disease. Although both epidemiological and observational studies have shown some merit in the use of different antioxidant vitamins for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, the results are not conclusive. Furthermore, in view of the complexities in the mechanisms of different cardiovascular disorders, no apparent involvement of any particular vitamin was seen in any specific cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, we have reviewed the evidence that deficiency of vitamin B promoted KCl-induced Ca entry and reduced ATP-induced Ca-entry in cardiomyocytes in addition to decreasing sarcolemmal (SL) ATP binding. The active metabolite of vitamin B, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, attenuated arrhythmias due to myocardial infarction (MI) as well as cardiac dysfunction and defects in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-transport in the ischemic-reperfused hearts. These observations indicate that both deficiency of some vitamins as well as pretreatments with different vitamins showing antioxidant activity affect cardiac function, metabolism and cation transport, and support the view that antioxidant vitamins or their metabolites may be involved in the prevention rather than the therapy of cardiovascular disease.
由于水溶性和脂溶性维生素在能量状态和细胞完整性的各种代谢及生物合成途径中发挥调节作用，它们被认为参与维持健康和患病状态下的心血管功能。已表明某些维生素（如维生素A、B、叶酸、C、D和E）缺乏与心血管异常有关，而补充这些维生素据称可降低高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血、心律失常和心力衰竭的心血管风险。然而，关于维生素缺乏导致心血管疾病发病机制以及不同维生素治疗的数据，来自多项实验和临床研究的结果相互矛盾。在本文中，我们试图回顾现有文献中不同维生素在心血管疾病中的作用，包括其缺乏和补充情况，此外还探讨了一些关于它们与心脏病关系的问题。尽管流行病学和观察性研究都显示使用不同抗氧化维生素治疗心血管疾病有一定价值，但结果并不确凿。此外，鉴于不同心血管疾病机制的复杂性，在任何特定心血管疾病中都未发现任何特定维生素有明显关联。另一方面，我们回顾了相关证据，即维生素B缺乏除了会降低肌膜（SL）ATP结合外，还会促进氯化钾诱导的心肌细胞钙内流并减少ATP诱导的钙内流。维生素B的活性代谢产物磷酸吡哆醛可减轻心肌梗死（MI）引起的心律失常以及缺血再灌注心脏中的心脏功能障碍和肌浆网（SR）钙转运缺陷。这些观察结果表明，某些维生素缺乏以及用具有抗氧化活性的不同维生素进行预处理都会影响心脏功能、代谢和阳离子转运，并支持这样一种观点，即抗氧化维生素或其代谢产物可能参与心血管疾病的预防而非治疗。
