School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
J Anat. 2022 Mar;240(3):429-446. doi: 10.1111/joa.13570. Epub 2021 Oct 24.
As a result of many factors, including climate change, unrestricted population growth, widespread deforestation and intensive agriculture, a new pattern of diseases in humans is emerging. With increasing encroachment by human societies into wild domains, the interfaces between human and animal ecosystems are gradually eroding. Such changes have led to zoonoses, vector-borne diseases, infectious diseases and, most importantly, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant microbial strains as challenges for human health. Now would seem to be an opportune time to revisit old concepts of health and redefine some of these in the light of emerging challenges. The One Health concept addresses some of the demands of modern medical education by providing a holistic approach to explaining diseases that result from a complex set of interactions between humans, environment and animals, rather than just an amalgamation of isolated signs and symptoms. An added advantage is that the scope of One Health concepts has now expanded to include genetic diseases due to advancements in omics technology. Inspired by such ideas, a symposium was organised as part of the 19 International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) Congress (August 2019) to investigate the scope of One Health concepts and comparative anatomy in contemporary medical education. Speakers with expertise in both human and veterinary anatomy participated in the symposium and provided examples where these two disciplines, which have so far evolved largely independent of each other, can collaborate for mutual benefit. Finally, the speakers identified some key concepts of One Health that should be prioritised and discussed the diverse opportunities available to integrate these priorities into a broader perspective that would attempt to explain and manage diseases within the scopes of human and veterinary medicine.
由于气候变化、人口无限制增长、森林砍伐和集约化农业的广泛开展等诸多因素，人类疾病呈现出新的模式。随着人类社会不断侵入野生动物领域，人类与动物生态系统之间的界面逐渐受到侵蚀。这些变化导致了人畜共患疾病、媒介传播疾病、传染病，最重要的是，出现了对抗微生物药物具有耐药性的微生物菌株，对人类健康构成了挑战。现在似乎是重新审视健康旧概念并根据新出现的挑战重新定义其中一些概念的时候了。“One Health”理念通过提供一种整体方法来解释由人类、环境和动物之间一系列复杂相互作用引起的疾病，从而解决了现代医学教育的一些需求，而不是仅仅将孤立的症状和体征混合在一起。一个额外的好处是，由于组学技术的进步，“One Health”概念的范围现在已经扩大到包括遗传疾病。受这些想法的启发，在第 19 届国际解剖学协会联合会（IFAA）大会（2019 年 8 月）期间组织了一次专题讨论会，以探讨“One Health”理念和比较解剖学在当代医学教育中的应用范围。在专题讨论会上，具有人类和兽医解剖学专业知识的发言人参加了会议，并提供了一些例子，说明这两个学科迄今为止在很大程度上是相互独立发展的，但可以为相互受益而合作。最后，发言人确定了“One Health”的一些关键概念，这些概念应该优先考虑，并讨论了将这些重点纳入更广泛的视角的各种机会，以便在人类和兽医医学范围内解释和管理疾病。
